2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 15 Learning Section Ⅳ Grammar

SectionⅣGrammar单元语法项目(一)——虚拟语气(Ⅰ)语法图解探究发现①IfIwereyou,Iwouldfollowhisadvice.②IfI'dwantedtoseethem,Iwouldhavehadtovisittheminperson.③IfIhadtimetomorrow,Iwouldattendtheconcert.④Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.⑤IfIshoulddotheexperiment,Iwoulddoitsomeotherway.⑥Hadyouinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn'thavesignedthecontract.⑦Butfortherain(＝Ifithadn'trained),weshouldhavearrivedyesterday.⑧I'mreallybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygowithyou.(otherwise＝ifIwerenotsobusy)⑨Ifhewerealivenow,hemighthavegrownintoahandsomeyoungman.[我的发现](1)句①表示与事实相反的虚拟语气；句②表示与事实相反的虚拟语气；③、④、⑤句表示与事实相反的虚拟语气。(2)句⑥中if省略，从句的主、谓语要。(3)虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的假设时，be动词一般用。(4)⑦、⑧句是虚拟条件句；句⑨是错综时间虚拟条件句，从句说明的是的情况，主句说明的是的情况。现在过去将来倒装were含蓄现在过去在英语中，语气分为陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，多表示与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的变化形式来表示。一、if引导的虚拟条件句1．虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式所述情况从句主句与过去事实相反if＋主语＋had＋动词过去分词主语＋would/could/might/should＋have＋过去分词与现在事实相反if＋主语＋动词过去式(be动词用were)主语＋would/could/might/should＋动词原形与将来事实相反①if＋主语＋动词过去式②if＋主语＋wereto＋动词原形③if＋主语＋should＋动词原形主语＋would/could/might/should＋动词原形IfsheknewEnglish,shewouldnotaskmeforhelp.如果她懂英语的话，她就不会找我帮忙。(现在)Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.你如果早一点儿起床，就会赶上火车的。(过去)Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoshopping.如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。(将来)2．be动词在虚拟条件句中的形式在虚拟条件句中，动词be的过去式通常用were(不管是单数还是复数)，但在现代英语中，单数情况也可以用was。但是在某些表达(ifIwereyou,asitwere等)中，be只能用were。Wecouldaskhimifhewere/washere.他要是在这里，我们就可以问问他了。Theskyiscovered,asitwere,withablackcurtain.天空好像是被黑幕遮住了似的。3．倒装虚拟句如果从句中有were/should/had(“had”是过去完成时的助动词)时，省略if的同时，把该词提到主语的前面，构成部分倒装。IfIhadhadanymoneywithme,Icouldhavelentyousome.→HadIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldhavelentyousome.要是我当时有钱的话，我会借给你一些。即时演练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2018·北京高考改编)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.②(2018·天津高考改编)Ifwe(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.③(2016·北京高考改编)Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.④(2016·天津高考改编)Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,I(injure)．⑤(be)Iyou,Iwouldthinkaboutthisproblemonceagain.haddrivenhadcaughthadtoldwouldhavebeeninjuredWere(2)单句改错①Iftherewasnomusic,theworldwouldbeverydull.②Ifyouwouldcometomorrow,youmightseehim.③IfIhaveknownthatyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavegonetothestationtopickyouup.④IwouldhavehelpedyoumoreifIhadbeensobusy.was→werewould→should第一个have→hadhad后加not二、含蓄虚拟条件句1．用with,without,butfor等介词或介词短语代替条件句Butforyourhelp,ourexperimentwouldn'thavebeensosuccessful.假如没有你们的帮助，我们的实验是不会如此成功的。Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'thaveworkedoutthemathsproblem.没有你的帮助，我不可能解出那道数学题。2．用or或者otherwise代替条件句Ididn'tattendthemeetinglastnight,orIwouldhavemetMrSmith.我昨晚没有参加会议，要不然的话我就能见到史密斯先生了。Iwasn'tinvitedtotheparty,otherwiseIwouldhaveattendedit.我没有接到聚会的邀请，要不然我就去参加了。即时演练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2019·天津高考改编)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.②(2019·江苏高考改编)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe(have)agoodtimetogether.③Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwe(have)nowheretostaynow.④Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway(notwrite)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.wouldhaveaccomplishedwouldhavehadwouldhavewouldn'thavewritten(2)完成句子①你会用一百万美元来干什么？Whatwithamilliondollars?②没有你的帮助，我们不能及时完成这项工作。Wewithoutyourhelp.③那时我太忙了，否则我会告诉他答案的。Iwassobusythen.Otherwise,.④他打电话告知我你的生日，否则我会对此一无所知。Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,or.wouldyoudocouldn'thavefinishedtheworkintimeIwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit三、错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句，又叫混合条件句。在该条件句中，从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据各自所指的不同时间选用不同的时态形式。IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'thavemissedthefilmlastnight.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。(现在→过去)Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice,hewouldrecoveralready.如果他听了医生的劝告，现在病就好了。(过去→现在)Ifwehadn'tgoteverythingready,wewouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.如果一切都没有准备好，明天我们就会碰到糟糕的情况。(过去→将来)Ifheweretoleave,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.如果他要走，你早就会听到这个消息了。(将来→过去)即时演练3(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①We(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.②Ifwe(book)atableearlier,wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.③IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.wouldbehadbookedwouldbe(2)完成句子①要是我以前努力学习的话，我现在就在上大学了。IfIhadstudiedhard,.②要是我早听取了你的建议的话，现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,.③如果我不害怕蜘蛛的话，我就会将它们抓起来。IfIwasn'tafraidofspiders,.IwouldbeinacollegenowIwouldnothavesuchtroubleIwouldhavepickedthemupⅠ.单句语法填空1．ButthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,Iwouldn't/couldn't/shouldn't/mightn'thavewonthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.2．Ifyou(notsee)thatfilmlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.3．youcomeearlier,youwouldseethefilmstar.4．Ifhe(notbe)ill,hewouldhavedonesomethingtohelpus.forhadn'tseenHadhadn'tbeen5．IfI(be)abird,Iwouldflyinthesky.6．Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwise,he(come)tothemeeting.7．Ifit(rain)nextweek,thefarmerscouldstillhaveagoodharvest.8．Ifyou(ask)himyesterday,you(know)whattodonow.werewouldhavecomerained/shouldrain/weretorainhadaskedwouldknowⅡ.完成句子1．我本来可以多给你一些帮助的，但当时太忙了。,butIwastoobusy.2．如果明天天气晴朗，我们就会出去野餐。，wewouldgooutforapicnic.3．如果去年雨水充足的话，我们可能会有一个好收成。Iflastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.ImighthavegivenyoumorehelpIfitweretobe/shouldbe/weresunnytomorrowwehadhadenoughrain4．如果你听从了我的建议