2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 13 People Section Ⅳ Grammar课件

SectionⅣGrammar单元语法项目(一)——过去分词语法图解探究发现①Atwork,itisIQthatgetsyouhiredbutitisEQthatgetsyoupromoted.②Supportedbyhisacademicresearch,ProfessorSaloveysuggeststhat...③PeopleareoftenmistakeninthinkingthatthosewithhighIQsalwayshavehighEQsaswell.④ProfessorMayer,recognisedbymanyasaleadingexpertin...⑤Theyalsoshowedabetterunderstandingofthedisabledstudents'feelingscomparedtostudentswho...⑥Accusedofstealingmoney,themanwasbroughttocourt.⑦Youpretendtobeinterested.⑧Seenatadistance,thepicturelooksmorebeautiful.⑨Whenaskedwhyhewaslate,hewentred.[我的发现](1)以上句子中的过去分词或过去分词短语在句中分别作：句①：；句④、句⑤：；句③、句⑦：；句②、句⑥、句⑧、句⑨：。(2)句①中hired,promoted与宾语you之间为逻辑上的。(3)句③、句⑦中mistaken和interested为形容化的过去分词，表示主语所处的。(4)在过去分词作状语的句子中，过去分词分别作：句⑥：；句⑧：；句⑨：。宾语补足语定语表语状语被动关系动宾关系(被动)状态原因状语条件状语时间状语一、过去分词的定义及基本形式1．过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，表示完成或被动意义。2．过去分词的基本形式：动词原形＋­ed，但也有不规则形式。否定形式：not/never＋动词­ed形式。二、过去分词的句法功能过去分词(短语)在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。1．过去分词作定语作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，仅表完成。(1)单个过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词的后面。表示主语的状态或已完成的动作。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.激动的人们冲进了大楼。DoyouliketoreadthenovelswrittenbyGuoJingming?你喜欢读郭敬明写的小说吗？[名师点津]有些单个的过去分词，像left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等，习惯上用作后置定语。Hesavedeverypenny,ofteneatingfoodleft.他节省每一分钱，常吃剩饭。(2)过去分词短语作定语时，与所修饰的名词之间为被动关系，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，其“被动”与“完成”的含义可以在从句中表现出来。Thecomputerboughtlastweekdoesn'tworknow.＝Thecomputerthatwasboughtlastweekdoesn'tworknow.上周买的那台电脑现在出故障了。Thosechosenasteammembersmustbehereat7amtomorrow.＝Thosewhohavebeenchosenasteammembersmustbehereat7amtomorrow.被挑选为队员的人必须明天早晨7点到这儿。即时演练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2019·北京高考)EarthDay,(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.②(2019·天津高考改编)Mostcollegesnowofferfirst­yearstudentsacoursespecially(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.markeddesigned(2)句型转换①Aletterthatwaspostedyesterdaywillreachhernextweek.→Aletterwillreachhernextweek.②ThebookgiventohimisanEnglishnovel.→ThebookisanEnglishnovel.③Thefrightenedhorseranawayfromthefire.→Thehorseranawayfromthefire.postedyesterdaythat/whichwasgiventohimthat/whichwasfrightened2．过去分词作表语(1)过去分词作表语，除了可以用在系动词be之后，还可用于get,become等系动词后面，表示动作，一般不延续。Marygotdivorcedin2018,andshehadbeenmarriedtoTomfor8yearsbythen.玛丽在2018年离婚，那时她嫁给汤姆已有8年的时间了。(2)这种系表结构和被动结构相同。但过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作。Theschoolgateisshutbyanoldmanat6pmeveryday.每天下午6点由一位老人来关学校大门。(被动语态，表示动作)Hefeelsrelaxedaseverythingissettled.他感到很轻松因为一切都安排好了。(系表结构，过去分词作表语，表示状态)[名师点津]过去分词作表语时，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted,disappointed,discouraged,amused,astonished,interested,crowded,tired,satisfied,pleased,surprised,worried,excited,married,puzzled等。即时演练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying(connect)．②Thenursehasbeen(marry)toLiQianfortwoyears.③ThenewsisinterestingandI'm(excite)aboutit.④InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained(stick)abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.connectedmarriedexcitedstuck(2)完成句子①我们是如此无聊以至于禁不住打起了哈欠。Wewecouldn'thelpyawning.②吉姆为对老师所说的话感到羞愧。Jimwhathesaidtohisteacher.3．过去分词作宾语补足语(1)过去分词作宾语补足语既可表示被动，又可表示完成；宾语通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.当我们到学校时，我们看到门被锁上了。weresoboredthatwasashamedof(2)常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况：①过去分词用于feel,hear,notice,see,smell,observe等感官动词后作宾补。Hedidn'tnoticehiswalletstolen.他没有注意到他的钱包被偷了。②过去分词用于get,have,make,keep,leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。Theyaregoingtohavetheentrancehallpaintedwhite.他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色的。③过去分词用于with复合结构作宾语补足语。Withthetaskfinished,hewenthomehappily.任务完成后，他高兴地回家了。即时演练3(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2018·天津高考改编)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph(take)．②Theoutsidesightlooksbeautifulwitheverything(cover)withsnow.③Ihad/gotmybike(steal)lastnight.④Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts(develop)aftergreateffort.takencoveredstolendeveloped(2)单句改错①Theoldmanhadhisfootinjuringinthefall.②Theboywascryingwiththetoybreak.③OnthewayhomeIfoundmywalletmissed.④Wecoveredhimwithonlyhisfaceexposing.injuring→injuredbreak→brokenmissed→missingexposing→exposed4．过去分词作状语(1)过去分词作状语时，用来修饰谓语，说明动作发生的情况或背景。该分词短语相当于一个状语从句；过去分词可用来作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。United,westand;divided,wefall.(作条件状语)[谚语]团结则存，分裂则亡。Seriouslyinjured,thesoldierwastakentothehospitalimmediately.(作原因状语)由于伤势严重，这名战士被立即送往医院。Theprofessorwentintothelab,followedbyhisstudents.(作伴随状语)教授走进实验室，后面跟着他的学生。Whenheated,watercanchangeintosteam.(作时间状语)当加热时，水能变成蒸汽。Althoughexhaustedafteralongjourney,shecontinuedtowork.(作让步状语)虽然长途旅行后很疲惫，但她仍旧继续工作。[名师点津]状语从句改成过去分词作状语时，有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。(2)过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别。过去分词作状语同现在分词作状语一样，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语，但不同的是，过去分词与主语之间是被动关系，而现在分词与主语之间则是主动关系。Greatlyfrightened,themanranintoabackroom.那人大吃一惊，跑进后面的一个房间里去了。Turningaround,shesawherhusbandandcalmeddown.转过身来，她看到了丈夫，才镇静下来。即时演练4(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2016·北京高考改编)(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.②(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.③LittleTomsat(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.④(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.OrderedAbsorbedamazedRaised(2)句型转换①Whentheparkisseenfromthehill,theparklooksmorebeau