2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 7 The Sea Section Ⅳ Grammar课件

SectionⅣGrammar单元语法项目(一)——定语从句(Ⅱ)语法图解探究发现①AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.②Butitwasalsoatimewhentherearemanygreatphilosophers.③Doyouknowthereasonwhyhehasbeenlate?④Forexample,itisthecountryinwhichsilkwasfirstinvented.⑤HeisamanofwhomChinacanbeproud.[我的发现](1)①②③句中黑体部分的引导词是关系副词，分别在定语从句中充当________________状语。(2)④⑤句中，“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句中的介词多与从句的谓语动词搭配以及具体语境有关。同时，_____用于指代物，_____用于指代人。地点、时间、原因whichwhom一、关系副词(when,where,why)引导的定语从句1．when引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示时间的名词，在从句中作时间状语。IcanneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。2．where引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。(先行词是town)[名师点津]关系副词where表示“地点的模糊化”。当先行词表示某人/物的situation，或某事发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用关系副词where。常见的先行词还有point,case,position,condition等。Theaccidenthasreachedtothepointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。3．why引导定语从句时，从句的先行词通常是reason,在从句中作原因状语。Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasonswhythey'renotdoingwell.不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。[名师点津]先行词是thereason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句缺少的成分而定，如果缺少状语，用why；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that/which。Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegavemeforhisbeinglate.我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。即时演练1用适当的关系副词填空①(2019·天津高考改编)Theirchildisatthestage_____shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.②(2019·江苏高考改编)Wehaveenteredintoanage____dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.③(2016·天津高考改编)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_____theweathermaybebetter.wherewhenwhen④(2015·天津高考改编)Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_____hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.⑤Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities_____theycangainexperienceforgrowth.⑥Thereason____heresignedisknowntous.wherewherewhy二、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句1．“介词＋关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介词＋which/whom，并且不能省略。Ifyouhaveanythingonwhichyouwantmyopinions,feelfreetoseeme.如果你们有什么事需要征求我的意见的话，随时来找我。Itookaphotoofthestudents,amongwhomwasseatedateacher.我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。2．“介词＋which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，相当于关系副词when,where,why。Shestillremembersthedayonwhich(＝when)shewontheprize.她仍然记得自己获奖的那一天。Thisisthehouseinwhich(＝where)Ilivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。Wedidn'tknowthereasonforwhich(＝why)herefusedourhelp.我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。[名师点津]当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配不可分割时，那么该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如listento,lookat,lookfor,lookinto,dependon,makeuseof,payattentionto,takecareof等。ThisisthepenwhichI'mlookingfor.这是我正在找的那支钢笔。3．介词前有时加名词、数词等，构成“名词/数词/不定代词＋ofwhich/whom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofwhichusesitdifferently.英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化都以不同的方式使用它。Icollectedsomebooks，thecoversofwhich(＝whosecovers/ofwhichthecovers)areyellowwithyears.我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。[名师点津]“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”是定语从句重点和难点，因为很多同学不知道该如何确定关系代词(which/whom)前面的介词。下面介绍一个办法：“一先，二动，三意义”。“一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。ThefactoryinwhichI'mworkingmainlyproducescomputers.我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。(inwhich代替inthefactory，在工厂里用介词in。)“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。Inthedarkstreettherewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。(towhom代替toaperson；turntosb.forhelp向某人求助。)“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30p．m.,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.在办公室里下午5：30以前我似乎永远没有时间，到那时，许多人已经回家了。4．“复合介词＋which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。[名师点津]“介词＋where”和“介词＋which”的用法不同，如：Hisheadsoonappearedoutofthewindow，fromwherehesawnothingbuttrees.他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。(fromwhere相当于fromoutofthewindow，而不是fromthewindow)即时演练2用“介词＋关系代词”填空①(2016·江苏高考改编)Manyyoungpeople,most________werewell­educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.②(2016·浙江高考改编)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,none________hasbeenproved.③Doyouremembertheday________youjoinedourclub?④Thereisabigwindow_____________Icanseetherailwaystation.⑤Thisistheman__________Ijustshookhands.⑥Noneofusknowthereason_________Tomwasabsent.ofwhomofwhichonwhichthroughwhichwithwhomforwhichⅠ.单句语法填空1.Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfof______werepublishedinthe1990s.2.Thisistheperson______________youarelookingfor.3.Iamlookingforwardtotheday_____mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.4.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork_____agoodimpressionisamust.5.Creatinganatmosphere_____________employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.whichwhom/who/thatwhenwherewhere/inwhichⅡ.单句写作1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)ThissummerIintendtotakeupapart­timejobinaforeigncompany,_____________________________________________(通过此事我能开阔眼界)．2．(2015·广东高考读写任务)Ourclassalsohasproblemsofitsown,______________________________________________(其中最明显的一个是学生的懒惰)．3．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)Firstofall,Iwillhaveawarmfamily________________________________________________________(一个家庭成员彼此相爱和关心的家)．throughwhichIwouldliketobroadenmyhorizonsofwhichthemostobviousoneisthestudents'lazinesswherethememberswillloveeachotherandcareabouteachother4．(2014·广东高考基础写作)Withthehelpofthelocalmedia,hehasmanagedtofind32timetwinsfrom13countries,_____________________________________(其中17名男性和15名女性)．5．(2014·安徽高考满分作文)Ithinkthereason_________________