2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 5 The power of nature Section

语法图解SectionⅢGrammar—复习动词­ing形式探究发现①Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.②Havingfinishedthework,hewentouttomeethisfriends.③Beingill,hewassenttohospital.④Mygrannysatinthearmchair,readingthenewspaper.⑤Goingtherebyplane,you'llarrivetomorrowmorning.⑥Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.⑦Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.⑧Thetrainwascaughtinaheavysnow,thuscausingthedelay.[我的发现](1)①、②句中的现在分词短语在句中作状语。(2)句②和句⑥中的现在分词短语使用时，原因是分词短语所表示的动作句子的谓语动作发生。(3)③、④、⑤、⑥、⑧句中的现在分词短语分别在句中作状语；状语；状语；状语；状语。(4)比较⑥、⑦句，分词短语与状语从句的最大区别是句中是否有。时间完成先于伴随情况或方式原因条件让步结果连词动词形式意义以do为例一般式doing主动式doing与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且与谓语动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生。被动式beingdone与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生。完成式havingdone主动式havingdone与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。被动式havingbeendone与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。一、动词­ing形式的时态、语态及意义Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoff.听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。Havingwrittenaletter,Ilistenedtomusicforawhile.写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。Havingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.被邀请参加聚会，汤姆很高兴。分词的否定形式是在分词(短语)前面加上not，never等否定词。Notfearingthefire,thechildtouchedandgotafingerburnt.小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。二、动词­ing形式的否定式即时演练1单句语法填空①Hesatatthedesk,(read)anewspaper.②(follow)him,westartedtoclimb.③(tell)theanswerseveraltimes,hestillcouldn’tanswerthequestion.④(notreceive)mymother’sletter,Iwrotetoheragain.⑤(ask)togiveaperformance,theyarebusypreparingforit.readingFollowingHavingbeentoldNothavingreceivedBeingasked动词的­ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等情况。1．时间状语动词­ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般同时发生，有时可由连词when,while引出。Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.看到那些画，她想起了她的童年。Whenreadingthenewspaper,Iheardthedoorbellring.看报纸时我听见门铃响了。三、动词­ing形式作状语2．原因状语可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句互换。Notknowinghowtosolvetheproblem(＝Becausehedidn’tknowhowtosolvetheproblem),heturnedtohisfatherforhelp.因为不知道怎么解决这个问题，他向父亲求助。Beingill(＝Becausehewasill),hewassenttohospital.由于生病，他被送到了医院。3．条件状语可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句或“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”转换。Usingyourhead,you’llhaveagoodidea.＝Ifyouuseyourhead,you’llhaveagoodidea.＝Useyourheadandyou’llhaveagoodidea.如果你动动脑筋，你就会想出好办法来。4．伴随状语不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。Hesentmeane­mail,hopingtogetfurtherinformation.＝Hesentmeane­mail,and(he)hopedtogetfurtherinformation.他给我发了封电子邮件，希望得到更多的消息。5．结果状语可以与so...that...引导的结果状语从句相互转换，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。Thetrainwascaughtinheavysnow,thuscausingthedelay.＝Thetrainwascaughtinheavysnow,whichcausedthedelay.火车遇上了大雪，因此造成了耽搁。6．方式状语Travellingbycar,wevisitedmanyplaces.我们乘车游览了许多地方。7．让步状语可以与though/eventhough引导的让步状语从句互换。Admittingwhatshesaid(＝AlthoughIadmitwhatshesaid),Istillthinkshehasn’ttriedherbest.尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。即时演练2句型转换①Whentheyheardtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.→,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.②Becausehewasill,hedidn'tgotoschool.→,hedidn'tgotoschool.③Ifyoutakethepaththatleadsoutofthetown,youwillcometoalake.→thatleadsoutofthetown,youwillcometoalake.Hearingtheirteacher'svoiceBeingillTakingthepath④Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.→Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_______________itthemostpopularsportintheworld.⑤Althoughtheyknewallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.→,theymademepayforthedamage.⑥Shecameintothehouse,andcarriedalotofbooks.→Shecameintothehouse,alotofbooks.whichmakesKnowingallthiscarrying1．逻辑主语动词­ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。Beingill,hedidn’tattendthemeeting.因为生病，他没有出席会议。(he与beingill之间是逻辑上的主谓关系→Hewasill.)四、动词­ing形式作状语的注意事项2．独立主格结构有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语，这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的，因此又叫独立主格结构，构成形式是“名词/代词＋v.­ing”。Shebeingill,hermotherhadtolookafterherathome.她生病了，母亲不得不在家照顾她。Theprofessorbeingabsent,thelecturehadtobeputoff.教授缺席了，演讲不得不推迟。Timepermitting,wewillansweryourquestionsafterthediscussion.如果时间允许的话，讨论之后我们会回答你的问题。3．独立成分作状语有些动词­ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：generallyspeaking一般说来strictlyspeaking严格说来judgingfrom/by根据……来判断considering.../taking...intoconsideration考虑到supposing假设；如果providing如果assuming假使saving除了；除非Judgingfrom/byheraccent,shemustcomefromArabiancountries.听她的口音，她一定来自阿拉伯国家。4．连词＋现在分词由when/while/after/before/if/though/unless/asif等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋现在分词”的结构形式。Thoughlackingmoney(＝Thoughtheylackedmoney),hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。即时演练3(1)单句语法填空①(tell)manytimes,hestilldidn'tobeytherule.②(judge)fromwhathesaid,hewasn'tsatisfiedwithmywork.HavingbeentoldJudging(2)句型转换③Ifitissunny,we’llgoforapicnictomorrow.→,we’llgoforapicnictomorrow.④AfterIhadfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.→mywork,Iwenthome.⑤BecauseMr.Brownhadnotbeeninvitedtotheparty,hedecidedtotreathimselftoamovie.→totheparty,Mr.Browndecidedtotreathimselftoamovie.ItbeingsunnyHavingfinishedNothavingbeeninvited[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)Onthelastdayofourweek­longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.解析：句意：在逗留的一周的最后一天，我们受邀参加了一场私人音乐会，在星光下北岸的一个美丽的农场上，我们一边欣赏音乐家的演奏，一边结识有趣的当地人。动词listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。listening2．(2017·天津高考改编)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,(allow)morepatientstobetreated.解析：句意：近期这个医院得到了新的医疗设备