2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Sharing Section Ⅲ Grammar —

SectionⅢGrammar—限制性定语从句语法图解探究发现选词填空(that/which/who)1．Iknowyou'redyingtohearallaboutmylifehere,soI'veincludedsomephotoswillhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkabout.2．Theboyshadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.3．Butlastweekendanotherteacher,Jenny,andIdidvisitavillageisthehomeofoneoftheboys,Tombe.4．Whenwearrivedatthevillage,Tombe'smother,Kiak,hadbeenpullingweedsinhergarden,startedcrying“ieeeieee”．5．TheonlypossessionsIcouldseewereonebroom,afewtinplatesandcupsandacoupleofjars.whichwhowhichwho(that)[我的发现](1)以上五个句子皆为限制性从句。(2)句1、3为关系代词引导的定语从句，为表示物或地点的名词(短语)，关系代词which在从句中充当。(3)句2、4为关系代词who引导的定语从句，先行词为指的名词(短语)，who在从句中充当。(4)句5为省掉关系代词的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作动词see的，先行词为由修饰的名词possessions。定语which主语人主语thatonly先行词宾语一、关系代词引导的定语从句1．关系代词的用法关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语which物主语、宾语that人/物主语、宾语、表语Thisisthestrangerwhosavedthegirl'slife.这就是拯救了这个女孩的陌生人。(who作主语)Thedoctor(whom/who/that)you'relookingforisintheroom.你找的那位医生就在房间里。(whom/who/that作宾语，可省略)Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.没有人想要这个屋顶塌陷下去的屋子。(whose作定语，修饰roof)Beijingisacitywhich/thathasahistoryof2,000years.北京是一座具有2000年历史的城市。(作主语，不可以省略)I'vegotanovel(that/which)youmayliketoread.我得到一本你或许想看的小说。(作宾语，可省略)即时演练1用适当的关系代词填空①TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2019.②Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.③ThelittlegirlIspoketojustnowismysister.④Thisisthebookhasbeenreadrecentlybythisyoungman.which/thatwhosethat/whom/whothat/which2．关系代词that和which的用法区别情况说明先行词是不定代词或由不定代词修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时先行词被thevery,theonly等修饰时主句是以which,what,who开头的特殊疑问句时只用that不用which先行词既有人也有物时引导非限制性定语从句时只用which不用that关系代词前有介词时ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavebeento.这是我去过的最美的地方。ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasHardTimesbyCharlesDickens.我看的第一本英文小说是查尔斯·狄更斯写的《艰难时代》。Theyalwaysliketotalkaboutthemanandthethingsthattheyseeontheroad.他们总喜欢谈论路上见到的人和事。Whichisthecoatthatyoulikebest?你最喜欢哪件大衣？Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.他们去年住的那座房子已经重建了。即时演练2选词填空：which,that①Adogistheonlythingonearthlovesyoumorethanheloveshimself.②ThelastplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall.③Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksinterestedhimgreatlyintheschool.④I'vereadallthebookswereborrowedfromthelibrary.⑤HereisthebookaboutItoldyouyesterday.thatthatthatthatwhich3．as引导限制性定语从句as引导限制性定语从句常用于thesame...as...such...as...as...as...so...as...结构中；as的先行词既可是人，也可以是物；as在从句中常作主语、宾语等。Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetold.我从没有听过他讲的那样的故事。ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.这本书和我上周丢的那本一样。[点津](1)thesame＋名词＋as...指的是同一类的；而thesame＋名词＋that...指的是同一个。ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.这种笔和我昨天买的笔一样。(同样的但不是同一个)ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.这就是昨天我使用的那一支钢笔。(指的是同一个)(2)such...as.../so...as...引导的定语从句和such/so...that...引导的结果状语从句的区别。如果从句缺少主语或宾语就是定语从句，连接词用as；如果从句的结构完整，就是结果状语从句，连接词用that。Heissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.他是那么好的男孩以至于人人都喜欢他。(从句不缺句子成分，that引导结果状语从句)Heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.他是个人人都喜欢的好男孩。(从句中likes缺宾语，用as充当并引导定语从句)即时演练33－1.选词填空：that,as①Thisissuchabeautifulparkeveryonewantstovisitit.②Thisissuchabeautifulparkeveryonewantstovisit.3－2.单句改错③Suchpeoplewhoyouknowareveryfriendly.④Nowchildrendon'tplaythesamegameslikeweplayedinthepast.thatwho→aslike→asas4．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句定语从句中介词的确定可遵循以下三个原则：(1)根据与从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配确定Theauthorwithwhomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourcompany.我们大家都熟悉的作者要参观我们公司。(2)根据与先行词的搭配确定Jillonceworkedinthecompanyinwhichthecarsareproducednow.吉尔曾在生产这种汽车的那家公司工作。(3)根据所表达的意义Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的气体是氧气，离了它我们不能活。[点津](1)有时介词前可能添加名词、代词、数词等。Thetenstudentswerekilledintheaccident,eightofwhomweregirls.事故中有十名学生遇难，其中有八名是女生。(2)有些“动词＋介词”的短语不能把介词提前，否则会失去动词短语的意义，如takecareof,lookfor,lookafter等。Thisistheoldmanwhomhe'slookingafter.这就是他正在照顾的老人。(从句中的lookafter为固定短语，不能拆开)即时演练4用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空①ThisisapictureofLeiFengwe'velearnedalot.②Asweallknow,theagechildrencangotoschoolisseven.③TheschoolLucyisstudyingisveryfamous.④Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskyinhisfreetime.⑤Thisisthepilotmysonwassaved.fromwhominwhichthroughwhichbywhomatwhich二、关系副词引导的定语从句1．关系副词(＝介词＋关系代词)的用法关系副词先行词含义where表示地点的名词：抽象地点和具体地点(在)……地方，相当于“介词＋which”when表示时间的名词在……时候，相当于“介词＋which”whyreason为什么，相当于forwhichIshallrememberthedayswhen(＝inwhich)westudiedtogetherforever.我将永远记住我们一起学习的日子。Lastyearmyparentswenttothefarmwhere(＝onwhich)theyworked30yearsagoagain.去年我父母又去了那个他们30年前劳动过的农场。Isthisthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？即时演练5用适当的关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”填空①I'llneverforgetthedayIwenttouniversity.②EveryonewantstovisittheplacethePremieronceworked.③Wedon'tknowthereasontheydidn'tkeeptheirpromise.when/onwhichwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhich2．由特殊先行词构成的定语从句定语从句表示时间或地点的先行词经常考查一些较为特殊的词。(1)先行词situation(情况；位置),point(要点；地点),case(实例；情况)在定语从句中作状语时，常用where来引导。We'rejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.我们尽力达到双方都能够坐下来谈判的程度。(where表示“在这个要点上”)IcanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.我能想出学生了解很多英语单词但不能写一篇很好的论文的情况。(where表示“在这些案例中”)(2)先行词occasion(时刻)，period(时期，课时),festival(节日)等在定语从句中作时间状语时，常用when来引导。Describeanoccasionwhenyouhadtogiveapresentationtoanaudience.描述一种你必须向观众展示的场合。(when表