2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Sharing period 3 Learning a

Period3LearningaboutLanguageⅠ.单词拼写1.Hefilledeveryone'scupandtheyt________thesuccessofthenewcompany.2.Ana________fliesaspacecraftandapilotfliesanaeroplane.3.Shestoodinfrontofthemirrorandpulledthe________(梳子)throughherhair.4.Youdidn'tmeasurethe________(角度)accurately.【答案】1.toasted2.astronaut3.comb4.angleⅡ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Thehouse,theroofof________wasdamaged,isnowbeingrepaired.2.We'llputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek________theweathermaybebetter.3.He'smarriedtoasingerof________youmayhaveheard.4.Hegotintoasituation________itishardtodecidewhatisrightandwhatiswrong.5.He'snotsuchafool________helooks.6.Shedidn'ttellmethereason________sherefusedtheoffer.7.Wolvesarehighlysocialanimals________successdependsuponcooperation.8.InBerlin,hefirstmetthewoman________hewouldonedaymarry.9.Doyouknowthethingsandpersons________theyaretalkingabout?10.Imetagirl________knewyoursisteronmytrip.【答案】1.which2.when3.whom4.where5.as6.why7.whose8.whom/who/that9.that10.who/that1.toastvt.烤(面包等)；敬酒n．烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯Ifyoucutthebread,we'llmakesometoast.你要是把面包切成片，我们就烤点儿面包片。Iproposeatoasttothehealthoftheguests.我建议为来宾的健康干一杯！(1)toast用作名词意为“干杯，敬酒”时，常与介词to连用，即atoasttosb/sth。(2)drinkatoastto…＝drinkto…为……而干杯单句语法填空①Ladiesandgentlemen,I'dliketoproposeatoast________thebrideandthegroom.完成句子②我们为这对幸福的夫妇干了一杯。We______________thehappycouple.③妈妈烤了些面包做早餐。Mother____________forbreakfast.【答案】①to②drankatoastto③madesometoast2.smoothdown把……弄平；消除；变得平静Ihopehecansmooththewholematterdown.我希望他能使这件事完全平息下去。smoothaway轻易地摆脱或消除smoothdown/out使平滑；使平坦；使平静smoothover使(问题等)缓解用smooth短语的适当形式填空①We'll________anydifficultieswhenwereachthem.②Fatherlosthisbadtemper,andwecouldnot________him________.【答案】①smoothaway②smooth；downShewasdyingtoseehimagainbutwhatifhedidn'twanttoseeher?她急于再次见到他，可是如果他不想见她怎么办？该句为but连接的并列句。后一个分句whatif…为省略句，意为“要是……又怎样；如果……将会怎么样；如果……又怎样”，相当于Whatwouldhappenif…？或Whatshouldsbdoif…？或Whatdoesitmatterif…？Whatiftheearthquakehappens?如果发生地震怎么办？whatfor为何目的；为何理由whatabout(提出建议)……怎么样？Howcome？怎么回事？Sowhat？那又怎样？WhataboutwashingthecaronSunday?礼拜天洗车怎么样？单句语法填空①What______shewon'tattendourparty?②What__________goingtotheofficeandaskingourteacherforhelp?③—Let'sgoandhaveadrinktonight.—Whatdowedrink________？Haveyougotthefirstlotteryticket?汉译英④如果他现在回来怎么办？_______________________________⑤借点钱给我如何？_______________________________【答案】①if②about③for④Whatifhecomesbacknow?⑤Whataboutlendingmesomemoney?限制性定语从句一、概念1.定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫作先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的词，叫作关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：①连接定语从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。4.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。二、关系代词的基本用法1.意义及作用成分代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/who(可省略)which(可省略)that定语whosewhoseIshethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天看见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledorphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿。(whose表示那个孩子的)Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose表示那个房子的)2.定语从句先行词为事或物时，只能用that不用which引导的情况：(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。(3)先行词是不定代词时，如all，few，little，much，anything，nothing，something等。Nothingthattheteacherdoesdoesn'tinfluencehisstudents.老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。(5)先行词被only,thevery，no,oneof等修饰时。Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我不只是丢失了一条项链。(6)在以which，who，whom引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用that。(7)先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用that。Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.中国再也不是原来的那个国家了。3.在下列情况下只用which而不用that：(1)当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which。Theworldinwhichweliveismadeofmatter.我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。(2)在非限制性定语从句中，当关系词表示事物意义时，只能用which。Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。用适当的关系代词填空①Thisistheboy__________fatherdiedthreeyearsago.②Theyworkinafactory__________makesradioparts.③Thisisthevisionphonethrough________wecanseeandtalktoourfriends.④Those__________wanttogotothecomputerroomwriteyournameshere.⑤Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools__________hehadvisited.【答案】①whose②which/that③which④who⑤that三、关系副词的基本用法1.意义及作用关系副词先行词在从句中的成分when名词，表时间时间状语why名词，表原因原因状语where名词，表地点地点状语Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhecamesolate.我不知道他来那么晚的原因。并非先行词表示时间、地点、原因时都分别用when，where，why来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示时间、地点或原因的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语而不是状语时，需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。Thereasonthathegaveforhisbeinglateisunreasonable.他为迟到给出的理由不合理。用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空①Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachedthepoint________hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.②Thetimeisnotfaraway__________moderncommunicationswillbecomewidespreadinChina'svastcountryside.③Canyouhelpmetothinkofareason__________seemsreasonableformybeingabsence?【答案】①where②when③that四、由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1.介词＋关系代词MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.＝MandelawastheblacklawyerwhomIwenttoforadvice.曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。2.名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词Hewroteabook,thenameofwhichI'vecompletelyforgotten.他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。Theoldmanhastwodaughters,bothofwhomaredoctors.那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。3.形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词Chinahasthou