2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Global warming Section Ⅰ Wa

Unit4Globalwarming[话题导读]Long­termeffects全球变暖会带来什么新变化？Globalwarmingmaybringsomelessobvious，long­termchanges，accordingtoarecentstudy.Globalwarmingalwaysremindsusofrisingsealevelsandextremeweather.Butaccordingtoscientists，globalwarmingmayactuallybringotherlessobvious，long­termchanges.Howmightthesethingsinfluenceourlivesinthefuture?Let'stakealook.MakingfoodlessnutritiousThemoreseriousglobalwarmingis，themoregreenhousegasestheatmospherecontains.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances，foodsarefoundtocontainlowlevelsofkeynutritionwhenthey'reexposedtohighlevelsofgreenhousegases.Forexample，whencropsgrowinhighlevelsofCO2，theamountofvitaminsB1，B2，B5andB9theycontainallfall，alongwithproteinandiron.“Ifwedonothing，thenyes，thereisthispotentialfornegativeimpactsonhumanhealth，”USpublichealthresearcherKristieEbitoldTheWashingtonPost.Endingracial(种族的)differencesWithrisingtemperatures，morelandsintheworldwillturnintodeserts.Andmanypeoplewillbeforcedtoleavetheirhomelandsandliveelsewhere.Inturn，thiscouldmeanthattheappearanceofpeoplecouldbecomemoresimilarilltheyearstocome.“Injust125years，theremaybefarfewerpeoplewithreallydarkskinorpaleskintones(肤色)”，USbiologistScottSolomontoldtheDailyMail.“Moreandmorepeoplewillhaveoliveandbrown­coloredcomplexions(肤色)．”Moreimportantly，thiscouldmeanthatracismmaybecomeathingofthepast.MakinginsectshungrierHumanbeingsorothermammalscankeepacomparativelystablebodytemperature，whileinsectsusuallyadapttheirbodytemperaturebasedontheenvironmenttheylivein.AccordingtoScienceDaily，insectswillbecomehungrierandneedmorefoodinwarmersurroundings.That'sbecauseahigherbodytemperaturecanincreaseinsects'metabolism(新陈代谢)．Inaddition，“warmertemperatureswillincreasethereproductive(繁殖的)ratesofinsects”，CurtisDeutsch，aprofessorattheUniversityofWashingtonintheUS，toldScienceDaily.HelpingscientistsfindhistoricsitesDuetoglobalwarming，theUKexperiencedanextremelyhotanddrysummerthisyear.Asaresult，manygrassyareasinthecountryturnedyellow，orevendriedoutcompletely.Becauseofthis，manyunusualandinterestingpatternshiddeninsomeoftheseareaswererevealed.Afterstudyingsomeofthesepatterns，scientistsfoundNeolithic(新石器时代的)monuments(纪念碑)andaRomanfarm，whicharebelievedtodatebacktoaround5,000yearsago.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Pre-reading&Reading—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]THEEARTHISBECOMINGWARMER—BUTDOESITMATTER？Duringthe20thcenturythetemperature①oftheearthroseaboutonedegreeFahrenheit②.Thatprobablydoesnotseemmuchtoyouorme，butitisarapidincreasewhencomparedto③othernaturalchanges【1】．Sohowhasthiscomeabout④anddoesitmatter?EarthCare'sSophieArmstrongexploresthesequestions.[再记住]①temperature/'temprətʃə/n.温度；气温②Fahrenheit/'færənhaIt/adj.华氏的n.华氏温度计③comparedto与……相比④comeabout发生；造成[再翻译]地球正在变暖——但是这有影响吗？在20世纪期间，地球的温度大约上升了1华氏度。那对你或我来说可能不算多，但是与其他的自然变化相比，这是一种快速的增长。那么全球变暖是怎么发生的呢？它有影响吗？“关爱地球”(组织)的索菲·阿姆斯特朗就在探究这些问题。[先读通]【1】when后面为时间状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为：whenitiscomparedtoothernaturalchanges。Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph⑤1)andthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandom⑥butnaturalphenomenon⑦【2】．【2】thattheearthisbecomingwarmer和thatitishumanactivity...phenomenon为doubt的同位语从句，第二个同位语从句中的itishumanactivitythat...phenomenon为强调句型。Allscientistssubscribeto⑧theviewthattheincreaseintheearth'stemperatureisdueto⑨theburningoffossil⑩fuels⑪likecoal，naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy【3】．Somebyproducts⑫ofthisprocessarecalled“greenhouse”gases，themostimportantoneofwhichiscarbondioxide【4】．DrJaniceFosterexplains：“Thereisanaturalphenomenonthatscientistscallthe‘greenhouseeffect’【5】．Thisiswhensmallamountsofgasesintheatmosphere，likecarbondioxide，methane⑬andwatervapour⑭，trap⑮heatfromthesunandthereforewarm⑯theearth【6】．Withoutthe‘greenhouseeffect'【7】，theearthwouldbeaboutthirty­threedegreesCelsius⑰coolerthanitis.So，weneedthosegases.Theproblembeginswhenweaddhugequantitiesof⑱extracarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytends⑲tobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup⑳【8】．”【3】that在此引导同位语从句，进一步解释说明theview的内容。【4】画线部分为“代词＋ofwhich”引导的非限制性定语从句，从句修饰先行词“greenhouse”gases。【5】that在此引导定语从句且在从句中作call的宾语，从句修饰先行词anaturalphenomenon。【6】when在此引导表语从句。【7】Without引出的介词短语在此相当于一个非真实条件句。【8】that在此引导宾语从句，从句中causingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup为现在分词短语作结果状语。[再记住]⑤graph/grɑːf/n.图表；坐标图；曲线图⑥random/'rændəm/adj.胡乱的；任意的⑦phenomenon/fI'nɒmInən；USfə'nɑːmənɑːn/(复数­ena/­Inə；­ənə/)n.现象⑧subscribeto同意；赞成；订购subscribe/səb'skraIb/vi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.签署(文件)；捐助⑨dueto由于；因为⑩fossil/'fɒsəl/n.化石；从地下采掘出来的(矿物)⑪fuel/'fjuːəl/n.燃料⑫byproduct/'baI'prɒdʌkt/n.副产品⑬methane/'miːθeIn/n.甲烷；沼气⑭vapour/'veIpə/n.蒸气watervapour水蒸气⑮trap/træp/v.收集；吸收；使陷入困境betrappedin...困在……里；陷入……⑯warmvt.(使)温暖⑰Celsius/'selsIəs/adj.(温度)摄氏的⑱quantitiesof大量的quantity/'kwɒntətI/n.量；数量⑲tend/tend/vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理tendtodosth.往往会做某事tendtosb./sth.照料/照看某人某物⑳goup上升；增长；升起[再翻译]毫无疑问，地球正在变暖(见表1)，而且全球转暖是人为的，而不是无规律的自然现象。所有的科学家都同意这种看法，即人们为了制造能量而燃烧诸如煤、天然气和石油这样的化石燃料，从而引起了地球温度的升高。在此过程中所产生的一些副产品就叫“温室”气体，其中最重要的一种就是二氧化碳。贾尼丝·福斯特博士解释说：“有一种被科学家称为‘温室效应'的自然现象。这种现象发生在大气层中少量的气体(如二氧化碳、甲烷和水蒸气)吸收太阳的热量，从而使地球变暖的时候。如果没有这种‘温室效应'，地球的温度会比现在的温度低33摄氏度左右。因此，我们需要那些气体。当