2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Back to the past Section Ⅰ

Unit3Backtothepast古罗马帝国不仅仅在政治上强大、版图上辽阔，它所创造的古罗马文化在哲学、文学、建筑等方面，也是全人类巨大的精神财富，是世界古典文化中的瑰宝。Unit3BacktothepastAncientRomeisthattimeinhistorywhentheRomanEmpireexisted.Atitspeak,theempireincludedmostofEurope,northernAfrica,andtheMiddleEast.TheRomanswereknownfortheirarmy,architecture,andgovernment.Theempireexistedfromabout100B．C.to500A．D.Unit3BacktothepastAlthoughmanypeopletalkaboutthe“riseandfall”oftheRomanEmpire,othersfocusonhowthecivilizationchangedovertime.Bothpositives(i.e.,artandarchitecture)andnegatives(i.e.,slaveryandcruelty)canbeidentifiedintheculturethroughoutthehistoryofAncientRome.Unit3BacktothepastThefirstsettlementswereestablishedaround753B．C.Attheheightoftheempirearound200A．D.,theempirecovered2.5millionsquaremiles.TheWesternEmpirefellin476A．D.andtheEasternEmpirelasteduntil1453.Unit3BacktothepastBasedonstrictorganizationandcentralized(中央集权的)control,theempirewasconnectedbyahugenetworkofroadswiththecityofRomeinthecenter.Eachtownwasplannedinexactlythesamewayincludingasystemofstreets,runningwater,andsewers(污水管)．TheForumatthecenteroftownwassurroundedbyshops,temples,andgovernmentbuildings.Astrongarmydefendedandexpandedtheempire.Thesoldiersbelongedtolegions(军队)ofabout5，000people.Theywerehighlytrainedandwell­equippedwitharmor,shields,spears,Unit3Backtothepastandswords.Awell­organizedcivilservicesystemgovernedthepeople.RomanhistorycontainsmanyfamousfiguresincludingAugustus,thefirstemperor,JuliusCaesar,Caligula,andNero.TheRomanshadmanyfestivalsandrituals(仪式)foreventssuchaschildbirth,marriage,andfunerals.LikeGreekculture,Romanculturewasknownforitsmythology.TheRomansenjoyedfood,baths,andallkindsofentertainment.Unit3BacktothepastSectionⅠWelcometotheunit&Reading—WarmingUp[基础词汇]1．__________vt.兴建，创建2.__________vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开3．__________vt.毁坏，摧毁4．__________n.废墟，毁坏vt.破坏；毁灭foundfleedestroyruin[拓展词汇]5．_____________adj.商业的，贸易的→commercen．贸易；商业6．__________adj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunateadj.幸运的；侥幸的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地；幸亏7．__________vt.装饰，装潢→decorationn．装饰；装饰品commercialunfortunatedecorate8．__________n．文明→civilizevt.使开化；使文明9．________________adv.渐渐地，逐渐地→gradualadj.逐渐的；逐步的10．__________n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸→remainv．剩余；逗留；留下；依然；保持civilizationgraduallyremains1．________________保护……免受……2．________________作为……而出名3．________________夺取；接管4．________________被活埋5．________________证明是protect...from...beknownastakeoverbeburiedaliveturnout6．_____________和……一起7．_____________砍倒8．_____________导致……9．_____________毁掉；(身体)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；分解10．_____________未能做……togetherwithcutdownresultinbreakdownfailtodo1．完全倒装Nearthecity_________________(是一座火山)．2．so＋助动词＋主语……也是如此Manypeoplewereburiedalive,_________________(这座城市也是一样)．wasavolcanoandsowasthecity3．Itturnsoutthat...结果……______________________(结果)aftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared...4．it作形式主语______________________(很难想象)howthispeacefulvolcanodestroyedthewholecity!ItturnsoutthatIt’shardtoimagine5．bebelievedtohavedone人们相信……________________________________________(人们相信它逐渐被埋)overbysandstormsfromAD200toAD400.ItisbelievedtohavebeengraduallycoveredⅠScanthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachdiary.Diary1A．avisittoPompeiicityDiary2B．thepurposeanddestinationofthetripDiary3C．thediscoveryoftheLoulanKingdomDiary4D．alectureaboutPompeiiandvolcanoDiary5E．generalinformationaboutLoulan答案：BDAECⅡReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．LoulaniscalledChina’sPompeiiinthedesertbecause__________．A．bothofthemoncehadgreatcivilizationsB．bothofthemoncehadsimilarbuildingstructuresC．theywerebothdestroyedbyvolcanoeruptionD．theywerebothpowerfulintheancientpast2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutLoulan?A．ItwasastoppingpointonthefamousSilkRoad.B．Itwasdestroyedbysandstormsgradually.C．ItwasdiscoveredbytheEuropeanexplorerSvenHedinmorethan100yearsago.D．Itwasn’tburiedcompletelybecauseofenormoustrees.3．What’sthemainsimilaritybetweenPompeiiandLoulan?A．Theywereburiedatthesametime.B．Theywerebothwealthycities2，000yearsago.C．Theyweredestroyedinthesameway.D．Theywerediscoveredbyexplorers.4．Thepurposeofwritingthispassageis__________．A．toshowhowhappythewriterwastohaveachancetovisitthesitesB．toarousepeople’ssenseofprotectingcivilizationsC．tocomparethecivilizationsofPompeiiandLoulanD．totellushowPompeiiandLoulanweredestroyed答案：1－4.ADBBⅢAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．WhenIwalkedaroundthecity,Isawstreetsjustastheyhadbeen,withsteppingstonesalongtheroadsoyoudidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays!WhenIwalkedaroundthecity是when引导的__________从句；Isawstreets是主句；justastheyhadbeen是as引导的方式状语从句；withsteppingstonesalongtheroad是with复合结构作状语；soyoudidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays是so引导的__________从句。[尝试翻译]当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样__________你就不用在泥泞中行走了！答案：时间状语；结果状语；下雨天2．Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared,leavingemptyspacesintheash.本句是主从复合句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的主语从句；该主语从句中还包含一个由after引导的时间状语从句aftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity；此状语从句中还包含有一个由who引导的__________从句whofailedtofleethecity,修饰先行词people。分词短语leaving...inth