2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 2 Healthy eating Section Ⅲ Gr

SectionⅢGrammar—情态动词(Ⅱ)语法图解探究发现①Bynowhisrestaurantoughttobefullofpeople.②Doesyourfatherneedanyhelp?③Whatdoweneedtotakeforthepicnic?④Youneedn'ttrytoexplain.⑤Hismotherisill.Hehastostayathometolookafterher.⑥SomethingterriblemusthavehappenedifLiChangwasnotcomingtoeatinhisrestaurantashealwaysdid.[我的发现](1)以上句子中，第________句中的黑体词都是情态动词，而第____两句中的黑体词是实义动词。(2)以上各句中的情态动词后都接动词原形。其中第⑥句中musthavehappened的意思是“______________”。(3)上述句子中oughtto意为“____”；need意为“____”；hasto意为“______”。①④⑤⑥②③一定已经发生了应该需要不得不一、oughtto的用法1．“应该”，表示责任或义务。用于表示按道理应当，常指客观的义务或责任，大多数情况下可用should代替，但比should语气重。I'mhisteacher.Ioughttotakecareofhim.我是他的老师，我应该照顾他。Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.她有困难了，我应该帮助她。2．“应该”，表示劝告、建议或命令。should和oughtto可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。oughtto的否定式为oughtn'tto或oughtnotto。Yououghttobemorecarefulwhenyoucrosstheroadnexttime.下次过马路时，你应该更小心些。ShouldIopenthewindow?我可以打开窗户吗？3．“应该”，表示推测。可与should换用。Itisalready9o'clock;heoughttobeinhisofficenow.已经9点了，现在他应该在他办公室了。Thisiswheretheoiloughtto/shouldbe.这里应该就是石油存在的地方。即时演练1用oughtto完成句子①Heabsentfromsuchanimportantmeeting.他不应该缺席这么重要的会议。②—tomorrow?—Yes,.——我明天该动身吗？——是的，你应该。③Youthanyourbrother.你应该比你哥哥学习更努力。oughtn't/oughtnottobeOughtItoleaveyououghttooughttoworkharder二、need的用法1．作情态动词(1)need作情态动词时，只能用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，意为“需要”。—NeedIcometomorrow?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.——我明天需要来吗？——是的，你必须来。/不，没必要。(2)needn't意为“不必”，表示客观上不必如何。Weneedn'thurry,forthere'splentyoftime.我们不必这么匆忙，因为时间很充裕。2．作实义动词need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。Thedoorneedspainting.＝Thedoorneedstobepainted.那扇门需要油漆一下。即时演练2用need或must完成句子①Youneedn'tgotherenow.你现在不必去那儿。②—hestayhere?—Yes,he./No,he.——他有必要留在这儿吗？——是的，他必须。/不，没必要。Needmustneedn't三、haveto的用法1．haveto“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don't/doesn't/didn'thaveto。Thelastbusleft,andhehastowalkhome.最后一班车走了，他只好步行回家。Wedon'thavetogotoschoolonweekends.周末我们不用去上学。2．haveto表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。Ihavetoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。Imustwritealettertotheheadteacher.我非得给校长写封信不可。即时演练3用haveto完成句子①It'stoolate,soInow.天色太晚了，所以我现在得回家了。②Theythenuclearradiation.他们没有必要担心核辐射。③You,butyoucanifyouwantto.你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。havetogohomedon'thavetoworryaboutdon'thavetobuyagift四、情态动词＋havedone“情态动词＋havedone”表示对过去事情的推测。具体用法如下表：can/couldhavedone本能做而未做should/oughttohavedone本该做而未做may/mighthavedone本可能做而未做wouldhavedone本来要做而未做musthavedone一定已经做了needn'thavedone本不必做而做了Theycouldhavesentupthesatellitesuccessfully.他们本来有能力成功发射这颗卫星的。Yououghtto/shouldhavestudiedharder.你本应该更努力学习的。MarymighthavelearnedsomeChinesebefore.玛丽以前可能已学过一些中文了。IfIhadachance,Iwouldhavesetoffonajourneyroundtheworld.要是有机会，我早就环游世界了。TheymusthavebeentotheGreatWall,haven'tthey?他们一定是去了长城，不是吗？Ineedn'thavetakentheumbrella,fortheweatherisfine.天气这么好，我本没有必要带雨伞的。即时演练4用“情态动词＋havedone”完成句子①You(本不应该写)sofast.②You(本不必提起)it,forIhadknownaboutit.③He(本应该完成)hishomeworkinsuchalongtime.④He(肯定参加了)thepartylastnight.oughtn'tto/shouldn'thavewrittenneedn'thavereferredtoshouldhavefinishedmusthaveattended[链接高考]完成句子1．(2019·天津高考)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisetheythetaskinhalfthetime.工人们没有被更好的组织，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务。2．(2019·江苏高考)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orweagoodtimetogether.真遗憾！你错过了观光，否则我们在一起会玩得很开心。wouldhaveaccomplishedwouldhavehad3．(江苏高考)It'sstrangethathethebookswithouttheowner'spermission.真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。4．(天津高考)IsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographstaken.我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。5．(天津高考)Ican'tfindmypurse.Iitinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落在超市了，但是我不确定。shouldhavetakenneedanewpassportcouldhaveleft6．(天津高考)Mywashingmachineisbeingrepairedthisweek,soImyclothesbyhand.这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。7．(天津高考)Myroomisamess,butIitbeforeIgoouttonight.Iitinthemorning.我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以(明天)早晨打扫。havetowashneedn'tcleancando[演练提能]Ⅰ.选词填空1．—MustIfinishthetaskrightnow?—No,you.(don'thaveto/mustn't)2．It'ssonear;wehavetakenataxi.(shouldn't/can't)3．Youhavespentsomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.(mustn't/oughtn'tto)4．—ShallIleavetheroomsothatyoutwocantalk?—No,you.(mustn't/needn't)5．Hehavemissedthetrain;hearrivedatthetrainstationtwohoursearly.(can't/mustn't)don'thavetoshouldn'toughtn'ttoneedn'tcan't6．Yougotherealone;it'stoodangerous.(mustn't/needn't)7．Theystayintheofficelastnightbecauseofthesnowstorm.(haveto/must)8．Wehavehelpedhim;inthatcase,hewouldhavebeenabletofinishthework.(should/can)9．Hefinishedalltheworkhimself;infact,he____haveaskedhisfriendsforhelp.(need/could)10．Thelightwasout.Theyhavegonetobed.(haveto/must)mustn'thadtoshouldcouldmustⅡ.完成句子1．Hehereontime—hestartedearlyenough.他应该按时到这里——他出发得够早的。2．Hethepartylastnight.他昨天晚上一定参加了晚会。3．Wepollutingnature.我们应该停止污染大自然。4．Yousoearly.你不必来这么早。oughtto/shouldbemusthaveattendedoughttostopneedn'tcome5．Mr.Smith,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因为我刚才在图书馆看到他了。6．It'stimeforthemeeting.Inow.开会时间到了，我现在不得不走了。7．Youallthatmoneyonsuchafoolishthing.你本来不该把那笔钱花在这种傻事上。8．Youmadeamistakeagain;you______________morecareful.你又犯错了，你本能更仔细些的。can'thavegonetoBeijinghavetogooughtn'ttohavespentcouldhavebeen9．—Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishthepaperyesterday.—Oh,you_______________itasyesterdaywasthedeadline.——抱歉，史密斯教授。昨天我没完成论文。——哦，你本该做完的，因为昨天就是最后期限。10．—MustIreturn