2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 2 Cloning Section Ⅰ Warming U

02CloningCallforactiontosavewildlife全球百万物种濒临灭绝导读：据联合国近期发布的生物多样性报告显示，世界上百万物种濒临灭绝，且速度正在加快。如果人类不改变自己的生产和消费习惯，大家赖以生存的大自然注定走向衰亡。HumansshareEarthwithmanydifferentkindsofwildlife.However,manyofouranimalandplantfriendsmaynotbearoundformuchlonger.人类与各种各样的野生生物共享一个地球。但许多我们的动植物朋友很快或许都将不复存在。AccordingtothefirstcomprehensivereportonbiodiversityreleasedbytheUnitedNationsinMay,1millionofEarth's8millionspeciesarethreatenedwithextinction,includingamphibians,marinemammalsandinsects.据联合国今年5月发布的首份全面生物多样性报告显示，在全球八百万物种中，有一百万正濒临灭绝，其中包括了两栖动物、海洋哺乳动物、昆虫等等。Humansaremainlytoblameforthedanger.Accordingtothereport,theworld'spopulationhasmorethandoubled(from3.7to7.6billion)inthelast50years.Humanshaveusedmorethanathirdoftheworld'slandand75percentoffreshwatersuppliestogrowcropsandkeeplivestock.Asaresult,therearefewerhabitatsandfewernaturalresourcesavailableaswellasmorepollution.人类是产生这一威胁的主要原因。该报告认为，在过去的50年间，世界人口增加了一倍(从37亿增至76亿)。人类使用了全球超过1/3的土地和75%的淡水资源来种植农作物，饲养牲畜。结果导致(动植物的)生活环境和自然资源不断减少，污染日渐增多。Becauseofhumanactivities,theglobalrateofspeciesextinctionoverthepast50yearshasbeenalready“atleasttenstohundredsoftimeshigherthanithasaveragedoverthepast10millionyears”，thereportnoted.该报告指出，由于人类活动的原因，过去50年间全球物种灭绝的速度“和过去1000万年间的平均速度相比，已经快了至少数十至数百倍”。Thespeciesextinctioncouldhaveseriousinfluencesonecosystems.物种灭绝会对生态系统产生严重影响。Thesedevelopmentsleadscientiststobelievethattherecouldbeasixthmassextinction,thefirsttobecausedbyhumans,accordingtotheGuardian.Therehavebeenfivemassextinctionsbefore,thelastbeing65millionyearsago.Thattimeitwasthedinosaursthatdiedout.据《卫报》报道，这些事态的发展让科学家们担心会发生第六次生物集群灭绝，这也是首次由人类所引发的。此前共有五次生物集群灭绝，最近的一次发生在6500万年前，当时导致了恐龙灭绝。“Theevidenceisclear:Thefuturewillbebadforusifwedon'tactnow.Thereisnofutureforuswithoutnature，”SandraDiaz,coauthorofthereport,toldNationalGeographic.“证据显而易见：如果现在不开始行动，未来将会对我们很不利。没有大自然，我们也就没有未来可言，”该报告的合著者之一桑德拉·迪亚兹在接受《国家地理》杂志采访时表示。Todealwiththeproblem,manycountrieshavetakenaction.Forexample,Chinahasbannedtheuseofrhinohornandtigerbones,andtheivorytrade,reportedChinaDaily.许多国家都采取了措施来应对这一问题。比如，据《中国日报》报道，中国已经禁止犀牛角和虎骨的使用以及象牙贸易。AccordingtoHuffpost,therearethingsthatwecandopersonallytosavespecies.Forexample,don'tbuyproductsmadefromillegalwildlifepartsandreducewaterwaste.据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，我们个人也能采取行动拯救物种。比如，不要购买用非法的野生生物部位制成的产品以及减少水资源浪费。“Eachindividualactionhasarippleeffectandeverypersoncanmakeadifference—throughamasswecanturnthetide，”saidClaudiaSobrevila,fromGlobalWildlifeProgram,accordingtoofficialwebsiteoftheWorldBank.“每一个个体行动都会产生连锁反应，每个人都能带来改变——众人拾柴火焰高，”来自全球野生生物项目组的克劳迪娅·索伯勒维亚在世界银行官网上表示。类别课程标准要求掌握的项目话题Naturalclonesandmanmadeclones；thehistoryofcloning；controversyaboutcloningdifferexacttwincommercialstraightforwardundertake(undertook，undertaken)breakthroughprocedurecarriercastaltogetherarbitrarycorrectionobjectobjectionmedium(media)obtainattainmoralconservativeforbid(forbade，forbidden)accumulateconstitutioncompulsoryoperachorusloafflouroweshortlyretirebotherassumptionregulationstrike(struck，struck)initialvainresistdrawbackmerelydecorationunablefeatherturkeyclawadorehatchreasonable词汇payoffcastdownthemediainfavourofsideroad(sidewalk)(be)boundto(do)strike...intoone'sheartfromtimetotimebringbacktolifeinvainingood/poorcondition功能1.接受与拒绝(Acceptanceandrefusal)I'mhappytoaccept...but....Ican/cannotacceptyourargumentbecause....Isupport...because....No，Ican'tagreewith...because....Iagreewith/couldneveragreeto...because....Howcanyoubelievethat？Yourargumenthasconvincedmebecause....Iwouldliketoagreewithyoubut....Doyouthinkitiswiseto...?No，thatisnotreasonablebecause....Isitfairto...?Idon'tcareforyourideasbecause....Idon'tmindbut....2.表扬与鼓励(Praiseandencouragement)Yourideassoundveryencouragingtome.That'sagood/greatidea.Welldonetoyoufor....语法复习同位语(RevisetheAppositive)1.名词(短语)作同位语Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthrough－thecloningofDollythesheep.AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyears，halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.2.从句作同位语Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.【核心考点】1．objectn．目标物体，v.反对；拒绝。主要考查名词辨析、语境意义、动词辨析、动词用法，于阅读、完形中频繁考查。(1)(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅱ)Makinglovely__________(object)usingrecycledandmadematerials.运用再循环和用过的材料来制造一些可爱的物件。(2)(经典真题)What'sthe________，inyouropinion,ofhelpinghimifhedoesn'tmakeanefforttohelphimself?A．sympathyB．themeC．objectD．point解析：(2)句意：如果他都没有努力去帮助自己那我们帮助他有什么意义呢？sympathy同情，theme主题，object物体，均与句意不符。point意义，符合句意，故选D。答案：(1)objects(2)D答案：different2．differv．不同；相异。其家族变形词汇different、difference等皆为各种题型高频考词。(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅲ)Thestyleofthecampusisquite________(differ)fromthatofmostChineseuniversities.这些校园的风格与大多数中国大学的很不一样。3．payoff“付清；取得成功”，为完形词汇，频繁以短语辨析形式考查。pay的其他短语也于各种题型中考查其语境意义。(1)(2019年高考·课标全国卷Ⅰ)TheenvironmentchallengesaresignificantbuttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe________．A．payingoffB．spreadingoutC．blowingupD．fadingaway(2)(经典真题)Theathlete'syearsofhardtraining________whenshefinallywontheOlympicgoldmedal.A．wentonB．gotthroughC．paidoffD．endedup解析：(1)payoff(努力等)得到回报；还清。spreadout伸展。blowup爆炸。fadeaway逐渐消退。本句句意：环境方面的挑战