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语法图解SectionⅣGrammar&Writing单元语法——否定词和否定句探究发现①Iamafraidyouhavenotappreciatedtheurgencyofthematter.②Intheshortterm,themedicinemaynotbeveryeffective.③Thejobdoesnotrequireanyformaltraining.④Thiskindoffastfoodisnotfitformyappetite.⑤Nohorsehasaspeedcomparabletothatofhis.⑥Iseldomgohomeafterfiveo'clockintheafternoon.[我的发现](1)以上例句中黑体部分构成句子的形式。(2)句①③中黑体部分的构成特点是由构成否定。(3)句②中黑体部分的构成特点是由构成否定。(4)句④中黑体部分的构成特点是由构成否定。(5)句⑤中的no和句⑥中的seldom本身表示。否定助动词加not情态动词加not系动词加not否定意义一、常用否定词1.英语中否定含义的表达形式多种多样,可以用not,no,never,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere等否定词来表达否定之意。Wehavenotsignedanyagreement.我们没有签署任何协议。Theyneverhavetimetogotothecinemaduringtheweekdays.他们在工作日期间从来都没有时间去看电影。[即时演练1](1)选词填空①(江苏高考改编)Hedidcompromiseeasily,butwaswillingtoacceptanyconstructiveadviceforaworthycause.(not/no)②(重庆高考改编)Asmilecosts,butgivesmuch.(nothing/something)③(江西高考改编)Mybrotherwouldliketobuyagoodwatchbutwasavailablefromthatshop.(nothing/none)notnothingnone(2)用否定词翻译句子④没人同意这个建议。⑤什么也改变不了我的主意。⑥我从来都没有见过他。Nooneagreestothesuggestion.Nothingcanchangemymind.Ihaveneverseenhim.2.可以用hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,few等半否定词来表达否定之意。Nowshehardlyhadstrengthtoopenthecarriagedoor.此刻她几乎没有力气打开车厢的门。Unfortunately,veryfewpeoplehaveplayedinthisspace.遗憾的是,只有极少数的人涉足这个领域。[即时演练2]选词填空:little/hardly/seldom/few①IhadclosedmyeyeswhenIrememberedIhadn'tdonemymathshomework.②Ihavefriendsinthenewschool.③MrSmithgoesbacktohishometown.④Ihaveonlyamoneyleft.hardlyfewseldomlittle3.可以用含否定意义的前缀a,ab,anti,de,dis,il,im,in,ir,non,un,under等构成的词表达否定之意;也可以用后缀less,free,proof等构成的词表达否定之意。Todayitisimpossibletocurecancercompletely.目前要完全治愈癌症是不可能的。Second,itisalsouselesstoworryaboutthefuture.其次,为未来而担忧也是没有用的。[即时演练3]写出下列词的反义词①use→②smoker→③like(喜欢)→④legal→⑤regular→uselessnonsmokerdislikeillegalirregular4.其他表达否定意义的词组及固定搭配:farfrom,safefrom,ratherthan,otherthan,freefrom,wouldrather...than...,prefertodo...ratherthando...等。Yourworkisfarfrombeingsatisfactory.你的工作一点也不令人满意。Thetruthisquiteotherthanwhatyouthink.事实真相同你想的完全不同。[即时演练4](1)单句语法填空①(浙江高考改编)Facinguptoyourproblemsthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.②(全国卷改编)Theformcannotbesignedbyanyoneotheryourself.ratherthan(2)完成句子③他宁可辞职也不向老板屈服。Hewouldratherthantohisboss.=Heprefersratherthantohisboss.④现在我们不会受森林大火的危害了。Nowwearequitetheforestfire.quitgiveintoquitgiveinsafefrom二、否定句1.全部否定no,not,never,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,neither...nor结构均表示全部否定,在汉语中体现为“绝对不”,“没有”,“远不(非)……”,“一点也不”,“根本不……”,“无论如何也没有……”等。Noneofmyfriendsisinfavorofmyplan.我的朋友都不支持我的计划。Thebookisnowheretobefound.那本书哪儿也找不到。[即时演练5](1)选词填空①(四川高考改编)She'dlivedinLondonandManchester,butshelikedandmovedtoCambridge.(neither/either)②(安徽高考改编)Thisprojectrequirescloseteamwork.willbeachievedunlessweworkwelltogether.(everything/nothing)neitherNothing(2)完成句子③我的一生中,印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。inmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittotheGreatWall.④没人同意这个周末去爬山。agreestoclimbupthemountainthisweekend.NothingNobody/Noone2.部分否定英语中一些含有总括含义的代词、形容词或副词,当用于否定句中时,只否定一部分,而不是全部否定。如all,everybody(everyone),everything,always,quite,both,entirely,altogether等词与not连用时,在汉语中译为“……不全是……”,“不都是……”,“并非全都是……”,“不总是……”等。It'simpossibleforalltheapplicantstogetthejobs,becausenotallofthemarefitforthem.=It'simpossibleforalltheapplicantstogetthejobs,becauseallofthemarenotfitforthem.并非所有的求职者都能得到这份工作,因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。Noteverythingcanbereducedtostatistics.不是所有的事情都可以被归纳为数据。[即时演练6](1)选词填空①(全国卷Ⅱ改编)It'saneitherorsituation—wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan'tdo.(either/both)(2)句型转换②Someyoungpeoplelikerockmusic.→youngpeoplelikerockmusic.③OneofthetwoboysisfromAmerica.→theboysarenotfromAmerica.bothNotallBothof3.双重否定双重否定,意义肯定:指同一句中有两处具有否定含义,但表达的意义是肯定的,通常比肯定句的语气要重。译成汉语时可以译成肯定形式,也可以保持双重否定形式。用于表示双重否定的词或结构有:no...not;no/not...without;cannotbutdo(不得不);cannothelpdoing;cannothelpbutdo;withoutdoubt;withoutfail;notseldom(常常);notdispleased(满意的)等。Nobodydoesnothing.人人都要做事。Wecannothelpadmiringhisbravery.我们不得不佩服他的勇敢。Heisnotdispleasedwithmyanswer.他对我的回答感到满意。[即时演练7]完成句子①我不禁意识到出问题了。Ithatsomethingwaswrong.②不经历风雨,怎能见彩虹。Thereisnosuccess.③如果你不懂安全规则,就不要试图操作这台机器。Don'ttrytooperatethismachineforsafety.couldn'thelpbutrealizewithouthardshipsunlessyouknowtherules4.某些结构表达否定意义(1)too...to(太……而不能)He'stoosmalltodothat.他太小了,干不了那件事。(2)moreAthanB(与其B不如A),morethan+含有can的从句(不能)Heismorebravethanwise.他有勇无谋。YourproblemismorethanIcandealwith.你的问题我解决不了。(3)比较级+than+不定式(不至于做)Youshouldknowbetterthantoplayfootballintheclassroom.你应该明白不该在教室里踢足球的。Hewaswiserthantohavedonesuchathing.他不至于愚蠢到做出这样的事情。[即时演练8]完成句子①这帽子太大,没法戴。Thehatis.②与其说她害羞,倒不如说她是害怕。Sheis.toolargetowearmorefrightenedthanshy5.连词before,unless等引导的状语从句可以表达否定意义Heslippedoutbeforethemeetingstarted.会议还没开始,他就悄悄地溜出去了。Unlessyouputonyourovercoat,you'llcatchacold.如果你不穿大衣,就会着凉。[即时演练9](1)单句语法填空①(江西高考改编)Shesaysthatshe'llhavetoclosetheshopbusinessimproves.(2)翻译句子②我还没来得及回答,他就跑出了房间。③除非努力否则你不会成功。HeranoutoftheroombeforeIcouldanswer.unlessYouwillnotsucceedunlessyouworkhard.6.虚拟语气可以表达否定意义Butforyourcoming,Ishouldhavebeenverylonely.要不是你来了,我会感到很寂寞的。[即时演练10](1)单句语法填空①(北京高考改编)Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.②(浙江高考改编)Theywereabroadduringthemon
本文标题:2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 The written word Section Ⅳ
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