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Unit1LivingwithtechnologySectionⅢGrammar——及物动词与不及物动词语境自主领悟先观察原句①Regularpublicbroadcastingfollowedshortlyafterwards.②ManydifferentpeoplecontributedtothedevelopmentofTV.③Iregrettotellyouthatyourapplicationhasbeenturneddown.④Onmybirthdayshegavemeamobilephoneasagift.⑤ThefirstpublicTVbroadcastsweremadeintheUSA.后自主感悟1.以上各句中的黑体部分,属于及物动词的有例句_______,属于不及物动词的有例句______。2.由例句④可以看出,某些及物动词可以跟复合宾语,即宾语+_________。3.由例句⑤可以看出,及物动词能用于______语态。4.由例句②可以看出,不及物动词不能直接接______;必要时,需加______。③④⑤①②宾语补足语被动宾语介词语法精要点拨英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,把动词分成及物动词(transitiveverb)与不及物动词(intransitiveverb)。及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整,不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词。一、及物动词及物动词后的宾语通常为名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句。可以用于下列结构中:1.主语+谓语+宾语HereachedParisthedaybeforeyesterday.(名词)他前天到达巴黎。Ifoundsomethinginterestinginthenewspaper.(代词)我在报纸上发现了一些有趣的事情。Theyarepractisingsingingthenewsong.(动名词)他们正在练习唱那首新歌。Howdidyoumanagetofinishitsosoon?(不定式)你怎么这么快就完成了?Ibelievethatthecommitteewillconsideroursuggestion.(宾语从句)我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。[名师点津](1)下列及物动词只能用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式:admit(承认),appreciate(感激),avoid,consider(考虑),delay,deny,enjoy,escape,fancy(想象),finish,forgive,imagine,keep(继续),mind,miss(想念),postpone(推迟),practise,prevent,recall(回忆),resist,risk,stand(忍受),suggest(建议)等。(2)下列及物动词只能用不定式作宾语,而不用动名词:afford,arrange,ask,choose,determine,expect,hesitate,hope,long(渴望),manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,threat,wish等。(3)下列及物动词既可以用不定式又可以用动名词作宾语,但意义不同:forgettodosth.忘记要做某事,forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事;remembertodosth.记得要做某事,rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事;regrettodosth.遗憾去做某事,regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事;stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事,stopdoingsth.停止做某事;trytodosth.努力做某事,trydoingsth.尝试着做某事;meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味着做某事。[即时训练1]用所给词的适当形式填空①Don'tforget_______(send)myregardstoyourparents!②Don'thesitateanymore.Whynottry_______(walk)thisway?③Istillremember___________(take)toBeijingforthefirsttime.tosendwalkingbeingtaken2.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语是动词的直接作用对象,通常指事物,间接宾语是事物接受者,通常是人。直接宾语和间接宾语合起来称为“双宾语”。Pleasehandmethebookoverthere.(me是hand的间接宾语,thebook是直接宾语)请把那儿的那本书递给我。当间接宾语位于直接宾语后面时,常在前面加介词to,有时用for。由to引出间接宾语的动词有give,show,pass,lend,take,tell,send,write等;由for引出间接宾语的动词有buy,make,cook,get,sing,read等。IsentanemailtomyAmericanteacher.我给我的美国老师发了一封电子邮件。Heboughtapresentformydaughter.他给我的女儿买了一份礼物。[即时训练2]句型转换①Iwrotehimaletteryesterday.→Iwrote_______________yesterday.②Myclassmatedrewmeahorseyesterday.→Myclassmatedrew______________yesterday.③Hecookedlunchforme.→Hecooked________.alettertohimahorseformemelunch3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需要接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,否则句子意思就不完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词或过去分词担任。Thisconcertmadeherapopularsingerovernight.(名词作宾语补足语)这场音乐会使她一夜之间成为深受人们喜爱的歌手。SatellitesmakeTVaccessibletopeoplewholivefarawayfromcities.(形容词作宾语补足语)卫星使得远离城市的人们也能接收电视节目。I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.(现在分词作宾语补足语)不好意思让你等这么久。[即时训练3]完成句子①Theyaskedus_____________withthem.他们要我们和他们一起去钓鱼。②Don'talways_________________________.不要老是让孩子们待在室内。togofishingkeepthechildrenindoors4.及物动词的语态大多数及物动词都可以用于被动语态,但有些及物动词,如have,lack,suit,fit等不能用于被动语态。Therailwayhadbeenbuiltbytheendoflastyear.这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。Theblueskirtsuitsyouverywell.这条蓝裙子很适合你。[名师点津]后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词在变为被动语态时,要加上to。Weoftenhearthegirlsingthesong.→Thegirlisoftenheardtosingthesong.我们经常听见这个女孩唱这首歌。[即时训练4]将下列句子改为被动语态①Someonesawabirdflyintothewindow.→Abird_______________intothewindow.②Thegovernmenttakesgoodcareofthepoor.→Thepoor______________________bythegovernment.wasseentoflyaretakengoodcareof二、不及物动词不及物动词本身意义已经比较完整,后面不再跟宾语,也不能用于被动语态,但常常带状语。有些不及物动词可与介词、副词搭配组成及物动词短语,后面可接宾语,也可用于被动语态。而有些不及物动词与副词搭配组成的是不及物动词短语。Shespokeatthemeetingyesterdayevening.她在昨晚的会议上发了言。Thewatersrosehigherandhigher,asaresult,morethan1,000peoplehadtoleavetheirhomes.水位升得越来越高,结果1000多人不得不离开他们的家园。Thechildrenarelisteningtothemusic.孩子们正在听音乐。Iwishedthateverythingwouldworkoutasplanned.我希望一切事情会像计划的那样顺利进行。[即时训练5]单句语法填空①Theshortboyisalwayslaughed__byotherstudents.②ThisistheroomwhereIonce_____(live).atlived三、兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有些动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:1.兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。ShallIbeginatonce?(begin作不及物动词)我可以立刻开始吗?Shebeganworkingasalibrarianaftersheleftschool.(began作及物动词)她毕业后就当图书馆管理员了。2.兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不尽相同。Finally,herparentsapprovedofhermarriage.最后,她父母同意了她的婚姻。Congressapprovedthebill.国会批准了这法案。[名师点津]有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:(1)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而在汉语里则可用作及物动词,如arrive“到达”;agree“同意”;listen“听”。英语里这些动词后面常接介词,再接宾语。Wearrivedattherailwaystationatnoon.我们中午到达火车站。(第一个at不能省去)(比较:Wereachedtherailwaystationatnoon.)Dotheyagreetotheplan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)(2)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve“为……服务”。Ourchildrenaretaughttoservethepeopleheartandsoul.我们的孩子被教育要全心全意为人民服务。①Heislisteningtheteachercarefully.______________②Whowillbenefitthepolicy________________listening后加tobenefit后加from[即时训练6]单句改错语法应用落实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Tomhasbeenabsentfortwodays.Doyouknowwhat____________(happen)tohim?2.Billsuggested_______(hold)ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.3.Ican'tstand_______(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_______(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.hashappenedholdingworkingtostop4.Shelikes________butshedoesn'tlike_______thisafternoon.She'dlike_______someotherday
本文标题:2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Living with technology Sect
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