2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Art Section Ⅲ Grammar — 虚拟语

SectionⅢGrammar—虚拟语气(1)语法图解探究发现①IfIhadenoughmoneyIwouldbuyanewcar.②IfMasacciowerealive,hewouldbeamazedathowartistspainttoday.③IfPetershouldcometoourschool,hecouldgotoourartclasses.④Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.⑤IwishIdidn'tgotoschooltoday.⑥IwishIwouldtakeMissLiangouttoasuperbrestaurantfordinner.⑦I'dratheryouhadn'tgivenmethepresent.⑧Whofirstsuggestedtheyvisitartgalleries?[我的发现](1)在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词用(be动词常用)表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语则用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”表示。(如例句①和②)(2)在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词可用表示与将来事实可能不符的情况，主句则用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”表示。(如例句③和④)一般过去时were一般过去时/should＋动词原形/wereto＋动词原形(3)在wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用表示与现在事实相反的情况，用“would/could/might＋动词原形”表示与将来相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。(如例句⑤和⑥)(4)在wouldrather后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况，用表示与过去相反的情况。(如例句⑦)(5)在表示建议、劝告、命令或要求等意思后的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“”表示虚拟语气。(如例句⑧)一般过去时过去完成时(should＋)动词原形虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设。一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用虚拟条件句分为三类：与现在事实相反的情况；与过去事实相反的情况；与将来事实相反的情况。构成方式如下：假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could＋动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时(had＋过去分词)would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反①一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)②should＋动词原形③wereto＋动词原形would/should/might/could＋动词原形1.与现在事实相反IfIwereyou,Iwould/should/might/couldtellhimthegoodnews.要是我是你，我就会告诉他这个好消息。(事实上我不是你)Ifshehadenoughmoney,shewould/might/could/shouldbuyacomputer.如果她有足够的钱，她就去买一台电脑。(事实她没有足够的钱)2．与过去事实相反Ifthekidshadbeenwarnednottoswiminthelake,theyshouldhaveavoidedthetragedy.如果有人警告孩子们不要在湖里游泳，他们就应该能够避免悲剧。(事实上没有人警告孩子们)Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。(事实上你根本没听我的)3．与将来事实相反IfIbecame/weretobecome/shouldbecomeascientistinthefuture,Iwouldtrytofindacureforcancer.如果将来我能成为一名科学家，我会尽力找到治疗癌症的药方。Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rainedtomorrow,wewouldn'tgohiking.如果明天下雨，我们就不去远足了。(下雨的可能性不大)[点津](1)主句中的should只用于第一人称；从句中的should可用于各种人称。(2)虚拟条件句中有should,were,had时，可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首，从而构成部分倒装。若省略的条件句中谓语动词是否定形式，否定词not不提前。Shouldhebefreetomorrow(＝Ifheshouldbefreetomorrow),Iwouldtalkwithhim.如果他明天有空，我会和他谈话的。HadIhadtime(＝IfIhadhadtime),Iwouldhavewalkedroundthatlakethen.如果有时间，我当时会在湖的周围走走。HadJanenotinformedmeearlier(＝IfJanehadn'tinformedmeearlier),Iwouldhavelostthechance.如果不是简提前通知我，我可能会失去这次机会。即时演练1(1)单句语法填空①Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,you(see)her.②Ifit(not,rain)yesterday,Iwouldhavegoneouttoplayfootballwithmyfriends.③Idon’thaveacellphone.IfI(have)one,itwouldbeconvenientformetogetintouchwithothers.④Ifhe(come)tomorrow,we(be)greatlysurprised.wouldhaveseenhadn’trainedhadcame/shouldcome/weretocomewouldbe(2)句型转换⑤HadIpersuadedhimnottodoso,hewouldn’thavemadesuchaseriousmistake.→himtodoso,hewouldn’thavemadesuchaseriousmistake.⑥IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.→,Iwouldgiveitup.⑦Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldhavetocalloffthepicnic.→tomorrow,wewouldhavetocalloffthepicnic.IfIhadpersuadedWereIyouShoulditrain1.用在wish之后的宾语从句中wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望。主句用法从句谓语动词的形式主语＋wish表示现在不能实现的愿望用一般过去时(be通常用were)表示过去不能实现的愿望had＋过去分词表示将来不能实现的愿望would/could＋动词原形二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用IwishIweretenyearsyounger.我真希望我再年轻10岁。(对现在情况的虚拟)Hewisheshecouldbecomeascientistsomeday.他希望将来的某一天能成为科学家。(对将来情况的虚拟)HowIwishIhadseenheroffatthestation,butIwastoobusy.我要是去车站送她就好了，但我太忙了。(对过去情况的虚拟)即时演练2单句语法填空①IwishI(have)alittlelabofmyown.②IwishI(fly)tothemoononeday.③IwishthatI(not,agree)togotoJim’sparty,forIhavetodosomeextraworktonight.hadcouldflyhadn’tagreed2．用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中，表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的从句中用“should＋动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中“should”可以省略。这类动词可以速记为：一坚持insist；二命令command，order；三建议advise，suggest，recommend；四要求request，require，demand，ask；外加一个敦促urge。Iinsistedthatwe(should)tellthistoher.我坚持要求我们该把这事告诉她。HesuggestedthatMr.Smith(should)beinvitedtotheparty.他建议邀请史密斯先生参加聚会。Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生们每周都要自己洗衣服。[点津]当insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”、suggest表示“表明；暗示”时，其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。Heinsistedthathehadnotstolenthecamel.他坚持说他没偷骆驼。即时演练3单句语法填空①Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathe(be)satisfiedwithourwork.②Mymomsuggeststhatwe(eat)outforachangethisweekend.③Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam_________(be)attheageofsixmonthsold.was(should)eat(should)be④Theconstantriseofmeatpricesrequiresthateffectivemeasures(take)bythegovernment.⑤Hisordercamethatthey(leave)atonce.⑥Theboyinsistedthathe(not,break)thewindow.(should)betaken(should)leavehadn’tbroken3.用在wouldrather后面的宾语从句中Wouldrather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时，表示对过去的愿望用过去完成时。Iwouldratherthatyoucametomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。I’dratheryoudidn’tmakeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.我宁愿你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。即时演练4单句语法填空①I’dratheryou(go)toBeijingtomorrow.②I’dratheryou(nottell)meaboutityesterday.③Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe(focus)moreonitsculture.wenthadn’ttoldfocused[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2019·江苏高考改编)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe(have)agoodtimetogether.would/could/should/mighthavehad解析：句意：多么遗憾！你错过了这次游览。否则，我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光。根据关键词or可知，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应用would/could/should/might＋havedone。2．(2017·北京高考改编)Ifthenewsafetysystem(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.hadbeenput解析：句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用haddone形式，此处根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态。3