2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 5 Ethnic Culture Section Ⅲ

语法图解SectionⅢGrammar—过去分词(短语)作状语；短语动词探究发现①Seenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinycobbledstreetsthattouristsgetlostin.②Notinvited,hebecameverydisappointed.③Completelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.④Beatenbytheoppositeteam,wedidn'tloseheartandencouragedeachother.⑤AuntWucamein,followedbyherdaughter.⑥Theoldtownisonthesideofamountainandoppositeitisthe5,500metreYulongXueshanMountain,itspeakcoveredwithsnow.⑦Abigfirebrokeoutlastnightinthatvillage.⑧Whenhereadthebook,hecameacrossmanynewwords.[我的发现](1)①～⑤句中，黑体部分均在句中作状语，分别表示、、、、。(2)由②句可知，过去分词作状语时，其否定形式通常是在过去分词前加。(3)⑥句中分词作状语，有自己独立的主语，这叫。(4)⑦⑧句中黑体部分为。时间原因条件让步伴随not独立主格结构短语动词一、过去分词(短语)作状语(一)过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等情况。这类状语可放在句首、句中或句末，并可扩展为一个从句或并列分句。1．过去分词(短语)作时间状语Askedherfutureplans,thegirlsaidthatshewantedtobeateacher.当被问到未来的计划时，这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。Lostintheforest,youshouldfirstofallremainwhereyouare,waitingforhelptocome.当你在森林里迷路的时候，首先你应该待在原地，等待救援的到来。2．过去分词(短语)作原因状语Frightenedbythetiger,thegirldidn'tdaretosleepalone.因为被老虎吓着了，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。Thechildlearnsfast,wellbroughtupbyhisparents.由于受到父母良好的教育，这个孩子学得很快。3．过去分词(短语)作条件状语Oftenblamedbytheteacher,thestudentswillloseheart.如果经常挨老师批评，学生们就会失去信心。Givenmoretime,wewoulddoitmuchbetter.如果再多给点时间，我们就能做得更好。4．过去分词(短语)作伴随或方式状语Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbymanystudents.老师站在那里，身边围着很多学生。Theoldman,supportedbyhiswife,wentintotheroom.那位老人在妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。5．过去分词(短语)作让步状语Leftathome,Johndidn'tfeelafraidatall.虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但是他一点都不害怕。Invited,Iwon'tgototheparty.即使被邀请，我也不去参加聚会。6．过去分词(短语)作结果状语Hefailedinthecompetition,blamedbyhiscompanions.他在比赛中失败了，受到了同伴的责备。Theywentoutinsuchbadweather,caughtinaheavyrainhalfway.他们在这么恶劣的天气里出门，结果在半路上遇到了大雨。(二)过去分词(短语)作状语应注意的几个问题1．过去分词、现在分词和不定式作状语的区别：一般说来，过去分词作状语，和句子主语是被动关系；现在分词作状语，和句子主语是主动关系；不定式作状语，一般表示目的、原因、结果等。Togetawonderfulviewofourcity,weclimbedtothetopofthetower.为了饱览城市的美景，我们爬上了山顶。Seenfromthetopofthetower,ourcitylooksmorebeautiful.从塔顶上看，我们的城市更漂亮。Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecangetawonderfulviewofourcity.从塔顶我们可以饱览我们城市的美景。2．过去分词(短语)作状语时，也可在前面加上when,if,while,though,evenif等连词(词组)，以便明确是作何种状语。Whenasked,shedidn'tanswer.别人问她的时候，她没有回答。Thoughtoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstand.虽然跟他说过很多次，但他还是不懂。3．过去分词作状语时，其否定形式是在过去分词前加not。Notencouragedbyhisparents,Jimfeltalittlesad.因为没有受到父母的鼓励，吉姆感到有点伤心。4．有些分词已成为固定结构，使用时不必考虑它们与主语的关系。常见的有以下几种：judgingby/from根据……判断provided/providingthat...假如……；在……条件下given...倘若……；假定……considering(that)...考虑到supposing(that)...如果……Judgingby/fromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。Iwillagreetogoproviding/providedthatyougowithme.假如你陪我一起去，我就同意去。即时演练11－1.单句语法填空①Heentered,____________(accompany)byhissecretary.②When_____(ask)whyhewasabsent,hesaidhewasill.③_______(dress)inawhiteuniform,helookedmorelikeacookthanadoctor.④Though_____(tell)tostop,thetwogirlskeptontalkingatthemeeting.accompaniedaskedDressedtold⑤Theseproblems,ifnot__________(solve)properly,willseriouslyaffectthegrowthofteenagersandeventhenation'sfuture.⑥Finally,thosesportsstarscamein,_________(follow)bysomanyfans.⑦When________(offer)help,oneoftensays“Thankyou”or“Itisverykindofyou.”solvedfollowedoffered1－2.单句改错⑧Lookingatinthisway,thesituationdoesn'tseemsodisappointing.________________⑨Foundhercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.________________⑩Ifseparatingfromhisbestfriendforalongtime,hewouldfeellonely.____________________Looking→LookedFound→Findingseparating→separated⑪Facingwithsomanydifficulties,hehadahardtimethosedays._______________________⑫Unlessinvitingtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.________________⑬Judgedfromtheexpressiononherface,shemusthavenewsofgreatexcitementtotellus._______________Facing→Faced或去掉withinviting→invitedJudged→Judging短语动词就是由动词和其他词一起构成的习语。1．动词＋副词：不及物动词短语或及物动词短语。(1)putup,putdown,takeout,takeup等及物动词短语；若宾语为代词，要将代词置于动词和副词之间；若为名词，位置则灵活；(2)breakout,breakdown,comeout,comeon,goon,goout等不及物动词短语；(3)setoff,setout等短语既是及物动词短语也是不及物动词短语。二、短语动词2．动词＋介词：这一类的短语通常都是及物动词短语。agreeon,agreewith,approveof,breakinto,belongto,consistof,comeacross,fallfor,hearof等。3．动词＋副词＋介词：这一类的短语通常都是及物动词短语。faceupto,getdownto,lookforwardto,lookupto,lookdownupon,makeupfor等。4．动词＋名词＋介词：这一类的短语通常都是及物动词短语。takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,takeadvantageof,takenoteof,takenoticeof,catchsightof,get/layholdof,keeppacewith,losesightof,losetrackof,makeafoolof,makefunof,putanend/astopto,takeaccountof,takepityon等。5．动词＋其他：如“动词＋it”构成的短语动词makeit,putit,getit等。即时演练22－1.写出下列句中红体短语的汉语意思①IfIcameacrossanyCDaboutLiuHuan,Iwillbuyit.__________②Thestudentsfromthecountrysidemakeupmorethan70%ofallthestudentsinthisschool._______③Sincesheleft,Ihaveneverheardofher._______偶然发现组成听说④Interestedinmystory,theyaskedmetogoonwithit._______⑤Thankyouforputtingmeuponsucharainynight.________________⑥Theymet,fellforeachotherandgotmarriedsixmonthslater.________⑦Thinkovermytipsandtellmeifyoucantakethem._________继续为……提供食宿爱上仔细考虑2－2.选词填空makeout，searchfor，sufferfrom，givein，setout，breakawayfrom，makeuseof，lookinto⑧Youngadultsmust_______________theirparents'controlinordertoachieveindependence.⑨Insomecountries,peopleare_____________theheatinthecenteroftheearth.⑩TheyweresofarawaythatI