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SectionⅡGrammar——现在完成时1.现在完成时的构成【语境领悟】*IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimessofar.到目前为止我已经去过北京三次了。*Hehasnothadanythingsincethen.从那以后他什么也没吃。*We'llgotothecinemaiftherainhasstoppedthisafternoon.若是下午雨停了,我们就去看电影。*GreatprogresshasbeenmadeintechnologyinChina.中国已经在科技方面取得了很大进步。【知识归纳】现在完成时的构成:基本形式:have/has+动词的过去分词否定形式:have/has+not+动词的过去分词被动形式:have/has+been+动词的过去分词2.现在完成时的用法【语境领悟】*Myhometownhaschangedalotovertheyears.近几年我的家乡变化很大。(现在的家乡与过去不一样了)*Mr.Zhanghastaughtherefor8yearsbynow.迄今为止张老师已在这里教了八年书。(taught的动作从过去某时间开始一直持续到现在)*Jackhasbeenasoldierforsometime.杰克当兵有段时间了。(状态“成为一名士兵”始于过去某个时间,一直持续到现在,可能还要继续下去)*Thedinnerpartywillbeginafteralltheguestshavearrived.所有的客人到了以后,聚餐就开始了。(“到达”这个动作发生在将来,在after后面的时间状语从句中用havearrived形式表示“到达”这一动作要早于聚餐开始之前)【知识归纳】(1)“完成用法”:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与recentlybeforesofaruptonowtillnowinthepast/lastyearsthesedays等时间状语连用。(2)“未完成用法”:表示动作或状态过去已经开始,持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)。常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,如for+一段时间,since+过去时间点,sincetheneversince等,或与和现在时刻相连的时间状语连用,如uptonowsofar等。(3)在时间状语从句中,谓语动词可以用现在完成时代替将来完成时。【深化点拨】终止性动词不能延续,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,需要时要用相应的表示状态的动词替换。此外,终止性动词的否定形式表示状态,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。*Ihavekept/hadthenewcarforamonth.我买这辆新车已经一个月了。(buy为终止性动词,不能和表示一段时间的状语foramonth连用)上面的句子可以改写为:Iboughtthenewcaramonthago.(amonthago是表示过去时间的状语,可以和非延续性动词bought连用)[考情分析]1.现在完成时是英语中最基本的时态之一,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。在平时的学习和运用过程中,它比较容易和其他时态混淆。常见于语法填空、短文改错、完成句子及书面表达等题型中。2.现在完成时在高考题中频频出现,主要依据现在完成时与一般过去时的区别来设题。[即时训练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Lucy(make)manyfriendssinceshewenttoParis.2.Iwon'tgotothemoviestonightbecauseI(lose)myticket.3.Mr.Black(teach)Englishfor21years.4.He(come)in1999.He(be)ateacherforover13years.5.InthepastfiveyearsI(travel)toJiangsutwice.hasmadehavelosthastaughtcamehasbeenhavetravelled6.Morethanhalfoftheticketsfortheconcert(sell)sofar.7.Uptotodaymorethan2.1billionmoney(donate)totheearthquakeareas.8.—What(happen)?—I(lose)mykeyandcan'topenthedoor.9.—Wouldyoulikesomemorefood?—Thankyou.I(have)enough.10.—Yoursister(go)toLondontostudyEnglish.Isthattrue?—Yesshe(be)therefortwomonths.havebeensoldhasbeendonatedhashappenedhavelosthavehadhasgonehasbeen11.Bythetimeherealizeshe(walk)intoatrapit'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.12.I(know)himsinceIwasachild.13.SofarthisyearI(publish)morethantwentyarticlesandI'lltrymybesttowritemore.14.—you(show)himaroundthemuseumyet?—Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.haswalkedhaveknownhavepublishedHaveshown15.Withthehelpofexperiencedcareerinstructorsthistypeofjobhuntingtraining(prove)tobeveryefficient.16.Itseemsthatyou(read)thisreportoryoucanseewhatIquestionedjustnow.17.Thecoffeeiswonderful.Itdoesn'ttastelikeanythingI(have)before.hasprovenhaven'treadhavehadⅡ.单句改错1.Ihaveboughtanewcarfortwoweeks.2.HehaslivedinBeijingforfouryearsinthepast.3.WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn'tlikehimbutIchangedmymind.4.Duringthelastthreedecadesthenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprogramshadincreasedsharply.5.Thisisthesecondtimethatwevisitedthecity.bought→had去掉hasI后加havehad→haswe后加haveⅢ.完成句子1.这是我第一次参加这样的聚会。ItisthefirsttimethatI.2.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。since1978.3.这是我看过的最好的电影。Thisisthebestfilmthat.havetakenpartinsuchapartyHehaslivedhereIhaveseen3.几种常用句型(1)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since...(2)This/Itisthefirst/second...time(that)...这是某人第一/二……次做某事。(3)在“Thisisthe+形容词最高级+名词+that从句”结构中,that从句要用现在完成时态。【语境领悟】*ItisthefirsttimethatPresidentXiJinpinghasvisitedHolland.这是习近平主席第一次访问荷兰。*Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehesmoked.他戒烟已有3年了。【名师点津】(1)在此句型中since引导时间状语从句,从句常使用一般过去时。(2)当since从句中的动词为终止性动词时,译为“自从做某事以来有一段时间了”。(3)当since从句中的动词为延续性动词时,译为“自从不做某事以来有一段时间了”。4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别(1)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,强调此动作对现在造成的影响或结果,说明的是现在的情况,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。(2)一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,是对过去情况的客观陈述,与现在没有任何关系,一般和表示过去的时间状语连用。【语境领悟】*Hehasshotmanywildanimals.他射死了许多野兽。(表示现在这些野兽已经被他射死了)*Heshotmanywildanimalslastweekend.上个周末他射死了许多野兽。(表示射死野兽这个动作发生在上个周末,与现在无关)Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.I(put)thewatchonthetablebutIcan'tfinditnow.2.Myfather(leave)forLondononbusinessalreadysoyoucan'tseehimnow.3.Theoldwomandoesn'twanttomovebecauseshe(live)inthecottagefor30years.4.I(be)totheUSAtwicesofar.haveputhaslefthaslivedhavebeen5.Mr.Liisnotathome.He(go)toShanghai.6.Thisisthefirsttimethatshe(visit)theGreatWall.7.He(notborrow)thebooksincethen.8.He(join)thearmytwoyearsago.Inotherwordshe(be)asoldierfortwoyears.9.HetoldmehisnamebutI(forget)it.10.Youshouldn'tgetoffthebusuntilit(stop).hasgonehasvisitedhasn'tborrowedjoinedhasbeenhaveforgottenhasstopped11.He(study)veryhardsincehecametoourschool.12.WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn'tlikehimbutI(change)mymind.13.I(nothear)fromhimsincehelivedthere.14.Greatchanges(take)placesinceyouleft.15.Theyalready(publish)theresultsoftheirexperiments.hasbeenstudyinghavechangedhaven'theardhavetakenhavepublishedⅡ.语法填空TheNobelPeacePrizewasawardedFridaytoIndia'sKailashSatyarthiandPakistan'sMalalaYousafzaifortheirstruggles1.thesuppression(压迫)ofchildrenandforyoungpeople'srights2.(include)therighttoeducation.Yousafzaicameto3.(globe)attentionaftershe4.(shoot)intheheadbytheTalibantwoyearsagoforherefforts5.(promote)educationforgirlsinPakistan.againstincludingglobalwasshottopromoteThroughherheroicstruggleYousafzaihasbecomealeadingspokeswomanforgirls'r
本文标题:2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 4 A Social Survey——My Neigh
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