2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 3 Literature Section Ⅰ Intr

TheworksofShakespeareandWordsworthare“rocketboosters”tothebrainandbettertherapy①thanself­helpbooks,researcherswillsaythisweek.Scientists,psychologistsandEnglishacademicsatLiverpoolUniversityhavefoundthatreadingtheworksofShakespeareandotherclassicalwritershasabeneficialeffectonthemind,catchesthereaders'attentionandtriggers②momentsofself­reflection.Theymonitored③thebrainactivityofvolunteersastheyreadworksbyWilliamShakespeare,WilliamWordsworth,T.SEliotandothers.Theythen“translated”thetextsintomore“straightforward”，modernlanguageandagainmonitoredthereaders'brainsastheyreadthewords.Itwasshowedthatthemore“challenging”prose④andpoetrysetofffarmoreelectricalactivityinthebrainthanthemorepedestrian(缺乏想象力的)versions⑤.Scientistswereabletostudythebrainactivityasitrespondedtoeachwordandrecordhowit“litup”asthereadersencountered⑥unusualwords,surprisingphrasesordifficultsentencestructure.This“lightingup”ofthemindlastslongerthantheinitial⑦electricalspark,shiftingthebraintoahighergear⑧，encouragingfurtherreading.[多积词汇]①therapyn．疗法②triggerv.触发，引起③monitorv.监测，监视④prosen.散文⑤versionn.版本⑥encounterv.遇到⑦initialadj.最初的⑧gearn.传动装置SectionⅠIntroduction&Reading—Pre­reading①inwhich为“介词＋关系代词”结构，inwhichtheboyswerefed是定语从句，修饰先行词theroom。②feed/fiːd/v.喂养；为……提供食品③pot/pɒt/n.锅④withalargepotatoneend是with复合结构。⑤warden/'wɔːdn/n.管理员⑥过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰thewarden。[原文呈现][读文清障]OliverAsksforMoreTheroom①inwhichtheboyswerefed②wasalargestonehall,withalargepot③atoneend④.Thewarden⑤，helpedbytwowomen⑥，⑦serve/sɜːv/v.端上(饭菜等)⑧when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词holidays。⑨needwashing需要洗该结构中用主动形式表达被动含义，还可表达为needtobewashed。⑩everybitof每一点abitof...一点儿……⑪astheboyscleanedthemwiththeirspoons是原因状语从句，其中tryingtoeateverybitofsoup作cleaned的伴随状语。[原文呈现][读文清障]served⑦thesoupfromthispotatmealtimes.Eachboywasallowedonebowlofsoupandnomore,exceptonspecialholidayswhenhewasgivenanother60gramsofbread⑧.Thebowlsneverneededwashing⑨，astheboyscleanedthemwiththeirspoons,tryingtoeateverybitof⑩soup⑪.Thisnevertookverylong,as[原文呈现][读文清障]thespoonswerealmostaslargeasthebowls.Whentheyhadcleanedtheirbowlsinthisway⑫，theywouldsitstaringat⑬thepotwitheager⑭eyes⑮，asiftheywantedtoeatit.Boysusuallyhaveexcellentappetites⑯.OliverTwistandhiscompanions⑰slowlystarvedforthreemonthsuntilfinally,theybecamequitewildwithhunger⑱.⑫inthisway用这种方式同义词组：bythismeans/withthismethod⑬stareat注视着，盯着gazeat瞪着，怒目而视⑭eager/'iːɡə/adj.热切的，渴望的beeagerfor...渴望……beeagertodosth.渴望做某事⑮现在分词短语staringatthe...作状语，表示伴随。⑯appetite/'æpəˌtaIt/n.胃口；食欲⑰companionn．伙伴，同伴⑱becomewildwithhunger饿得发疯其中become为连系动词，wild作表语，而with在此表示原因。奥利弗还要更多[第1段译文]男孩们进食的场所是一间宽敞的大石厅，一口大锅放在大厅的一头。开饭的时候，管理员从锅里舀汤，有两个女人给他打杂。每个男孩只可分得一碗汤，决不多给，除非逢特别的节日，才可以再分到60克面包。粥碗从来用不着洗，孩子们非用汤匙把碗刮得重又明光铮亮了才住手，试图吃掉每一点粥。这绝对花不了很长时间，因为汤匙几乎就有碗那般大了。他们这样把碗刮干净以后，就坐在那儿，眼巴巴地瞅着汤锅，似乎要把它也吞进肚子里。男孩们的胃口通常都很好。三个月以来，奥利弗·特威斯特和同伴们一起忍受着慢性饥饿的煎熬，到后来饿得都快发疯了。⑲be(not)usedtodoingsth.(不)习惯于做某事⑳allthetime一直，总是○21keep此处表示“经营”，相当于run。○22whowastall...allthetime是限制性定语从句；ashisfatherhadkeptasmallcookshop是原因状语从句。○23Ifhedidnot是条件状语从句。[原文呈现][读文清障]Therewasoneboywhowastallforhisage,andwasnotusedto⑲beinghungryallthetime⑳，ashisfatherhadkept○21asmallcookshop○22.Thisboytoldhisfriendsthathehadtohaveanotherbowlofsoupeachday.Ifhedidnot○23，hewasafraid[原文呈现][读文清障]○24nextto(＝closeto)靠近，接近○25whosleptnexttohim是定语从句。○26lookn．表情，外貌○27walkupto向……走去○28askfor要求，请求○29pickout挑选；认出pickup(开车)去接；收听；(不经意)学会；好转○30Itwas...who...为强调句式。thatonenighthemighteatthesmallyoungboywhosleptnextto○24him○25.Thetallboyhadawild,hungrylook○26inhiseyeandeveryonebelievedhim.Theboyshadameeting.Theydecidedthatoneofthemshouldwalkupto○27thewardenaftersupperthateveningandaskfor○28morefood.Theywrotetheirnamesonpiecesofpaperandpickedoneout○29.ItwasOliverTwistwhowaschosen.○30○31standby站在……的旁边；支持○32此处为“with＋宾语＋介词短语”构成的with复合结构，inaline(排)成一排○33downone'sthroat向下通过某人的喉咙○34whisper/'wIspə/v.低声地说；耳语○35nudge/nʌdʒ/v.推开[原文呈现][读文清障]Theeveningarrivedandtheboyswenttotheirplaces.Thewardenstoodby○31thepotwithhisassistantsinalinebehindhim○32.Thesoupwasservedanddisappeareddowntheboy'sthroats○33.Theboyswhispered○34toeachother,andthosenexttoOlivernudged○35him.Oliver,○36desperate/'despət/adj.绝望的bedesperatefor渴望得到bedesperatetodosth.渴望做某事○37miseryn．苦难；痛苦○38Frightenedbyhisowncourage作状语，意为“被自己的大胆吓了一跳”。[原文呈现][读文清障]whowasdesperate○36withhungerandmisery○37，rosefromthetableandwalkedtowardsthemasterwithhisbowlandspooninhishand.Frightenedbyhisowncourage○38，hesaid,“Pleasesir,Iwantsomemore.”[第2～3段译文]其中有个男孩子，个子较同龄人高，而且不习惯总这么挨饿，因为他父亲开过一家小饭馆。他跟朋友们说他每天必须多喝一碗汤，否则难保哪天晚上他就会把睡在他身边的那个小男孩吃掉。那个高个子男孩儿眼睛里闪动着一副野性的饥饿目光，孩子们都信以为真。男孩们开了一个会，决定在当天傍晚吃过晚饭后，他们中的一个要到管理员那里去再要一些食物。他们将名字写在纸条上，抽出一张。奥利弗·特威斯特被抽中了。夜晚来临，男孩子们来到了各自的位子上。管理员站在锅边，打下手的人排成一行站在他的身后。汤一分给孩子们，就被一扫而光了。孩子们交头接耳，那些坐在奥利弗旁边的孩子用胳膊肘推他。奥利弗已经被饥饿与苦难逼得什么都顾不上了，他从桌边站起来，手里拿着碗和汤匙，朝管理员走去。被自己的大胆吓了一跳，他说：“求你了，先生，我还想要一点。”[原文呈现][读文清障]○39healthy/'helθi/adj.健康的○40paleadj.苍白的○41inastonishment惊讶地，吃惊地○42holdonto抓着○43support/sə'pɔːt/n.支撑物○44atleast(＝attheleast)至少○45Notuntilatleastthirty...wasthemanabletospeak.是倒装句。notuntil位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序。○46ina...voice用……声音(说)，……声地Thewardenwasafat,healthy○39man,buthisfacebecameverypale○40.Hestaredincomplete