An-Overview-of-Internet-of-Vehicles-车联网综述

ChinaCommunications•October20141signalrangeanddropoutofthenetwork,oth-ervehiclescanjoinin,connectingvehiclestooneanothertocreateamobileInternet.Wede-terminethatVANETonlycoversaverysmallmobilenetworkthatissubjecttomobilitycon-straintsandthenumberofconnectedvehicles.Severalcharacteristicsoflargecities,suchastrafficjams,tallbuildings,baddriverbehav-iors,andcomplexroadnetworks,furtherhin-deritsuse.Therefore,forVANET,theobjectsinvolvedaretemporary,randomandunstable,andtherangeofusageislocalanddiscrete,i.e.,VANETcannotprovidewhole(global)andsustainableservices/applicationsforcus-tomers.Overthepastseveraldecades,therehasnotbeenanyclassicorpopularimplemen-tationofVANET.Thedesiredcommercialinterestshavenotemergedeither.Therefore,VANET’susagehasbeguntostagnate.IncontrasttoVANET,IoVhastwomaintechnologydirections:vehicles’neworkingandvehicles’intelligentialize.Vehicles’net-workingisconsistingofVANET(alsocalledvehicles’interconnection),VehicleTelematics(alsocalledconnectedvehicles)andMobileInternet(vehicleisasawheeledmobiletermi-nal).Vehicles’intelligenceisthattheintegra-tionofdriverandvehicleasaunityismoreintelligentbyusingnetworktechnologies,whichreferstothedeeplearning,cognitivecomputing,swarmcomputing,uncertaintyartificialintelligence,etc.So,IoVfocusesontheintelligentintegrationofhumans,vehi-cles,thingsandenvironmentsandisalargerAbstract:TheneweraoftheInternetofThingsisdrivingtheevolutionofconventionalVehicleAd-hocNetworksintotheInternetofVehicles(IoV).Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputationandcommunicationtechnologies,IoVpromiseshugecommercialinterestandresearchvalue,therebyattractingalargenumberofcompaniesandresearchers.ThispaperproposesanabstractnetworkmodeloftheIoV,discussesthetechnologiesrequiredtocreatetheIoV,presentsdifferentapplicationsbasedoncertaincurrentlyexistingtechnologies,providesseveralopenresearchchallengesanddescribesessentialfutureresearchintheareaofIoV.Keywords:internetofvehicles;VANET;vehicletelematics;networkmodelI.INTRODUCTIONAccordingtorecentpredictions1,25billion“things”willbeconnectedtotheInternetby2020,ofwhichvehicleswillconstituteasignificantportion.WithincreasingnumbersofvehiclesbeingconnectedtotheInternetofThings(IoT),theconventionalVehicleAd-hocNetworks(VANETs)arechangingintotheInternetofVehicle(IoV).Weexplorethereasonsforthisevolutionbelow.Asiswell-known,VANET[1]turnseveryparticipatingvehicleintoawirelessrouterormobilenode,enablingvehiclestoconnecttoeachotherand,inturn,createanetworkwithawiderange.Next,asvehiclesfalloutoftheAnOverviewofInternetofVehiclesYANGFangchun,WANGShangguang,LIJinglin,LIUZhihan,SUNQiboStateKeyLaboratoryofNetworkingandSwitchingTechnologyBeijingUniversityofPostsandTelecommunications,Beijing,ChinaVEHICULARNETWORKING1•October20142theconventionalVehicleAd-hocNetworks(VANETs),VehicleTelematics,andothercon-nectedvehiclenetworkshavetoevolveintotheInternetofVehicle(IoV).ThequestionaccordinglyarisesastowhysuchsystemsdidnotevolveintoIoT,Internetorwirelessmo-bilenetworks.Themainreasonisthatsomecharacteris-ticsofIoVaredifferentfromIoT,Internetorwirelessmobilenetworks.Firstly,inwirelessmobilenetworks,mostend-users’trajectoriesfollowarandomwalkmodel.However,inIoV,thetrajectoryofvehiclesissubjecttotheroaddistributionsinthecity.Secondly,IoTfocusesonthingsandprovidesdata-aware-nessforconnectedthings,whiletheInternetfocusesonhumansandprovidesinformationservicesforhumans.However,IoVfocusesontheintegrationofhumansandvehicles,inwhich,vehiclesareanextensionofahuman’sabilities,andhumansareanextensionofavehicle’sintelligence.Thenetworkmodel,theservicemodel,andthebehaviormodelofhuman-vehiclesystemsarehighlydifferentfromIoT,Internetorwirelessmobilenetwork.Finally,IoVinterconnectshumanswithinandaroundvehicles,intelligentsystemsonboardvehicles,andvariouscyber-physicalsystemsinurbanenvironments,byintegratingvehi-cles,sensors,andmobiledevicesintoaglobalnetwork,thusenablingvariousservicestobedeliveredtovehiclesandhumansonboardandaroundvehicles.SeveralresearchershavereferredtothevehicleasamannedcomputerwithfourwheelsoramannedlargephoneinIoV.Thus,incontrasttoothernetworks,ex-istingmulti-user,multi-vehicle,multi-thingandmulti-networksystemsneedmulti-levelcollaborationinIoV.Inthispaper,wefirstprovideanetworkmodelofIoVusingtheswarmmodelandanindividualmodel.Weintroduceexistingre-searchworkfocusingonactivationandmain-tenanceofIoV.Then,wesurveythevariousapplicationsbasedonsomecurrentlyexistingtechnologies.Finally,wegiveseveralopenre-searchchallengesforboththenetworkmodelandtheservicemodelofhuman-vehiclesys-networkthatprovidesservicesforlargecitiesorevenawholecountry.IoVisanopenandintegratednetworksystemwithhighmanage-ability,controllability,operationalizationandcredibilityandiscomposedofmultipleusers,multiplevehicles,multiplethingsandmultiplenetworks.Basedonthecooperationbetweencomputationandcommunication,e.g.,col-laborativeawarenessofhumansandvehicles,orswarmintelligencecomputationandc