生理心理学课件 第5章 研究方法与策略

1Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200415Chapter5MethodsandStrategiesofResearchCopyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20042MethodsandStrategiesofResearchAnimalsExperimentalablationTracingNeuralConnectionsStereotaxicsurgery2Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20043‰ExperimentalAblationƒEvaluatingtheBehavioralEffectsofBrainDamage:ƒExperimentalablation/lesion:•ƒLesionstudy•Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20044ExperimentalAblation‰‰ƒAspirationƒElectrolyticlesions()RadioFrequencylesionsƒExcitotoxiclesions(kainicacid)ƒNeurochemicallesions(6-OHDA)ƒKnifecuts‰‰3Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20045Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200464Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20047100kHz-1.5MHz(radiofrequencyRF)()Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200485Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20049Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200410ARadiofrequencyLesion.6Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200411Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200412‰ExperimentalAblationƒProducingbrainlesionsƒExcitotoxiclesion:•()ƒ6-hydroxydopamine6-(6-HD,6-OHDA):•ƒShamlesion:•7Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200413Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200414‰ExperimentalAblationƒStereotaxicsurgery:•ƒBregma:•ƒStereotaxicatlas:•ƒStereotaxicapparatus:•8Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200415StereotaxicSurgery‰ƒ3ƒ‰ƒ()Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon2004161.2.3.9Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200417UsingaStereotaxicAtlastoTargetaBrainLesion10Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200419Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20042011Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200421Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20042212Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200423Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200424‰HistologicalMethodsƒFixationandsectioningƒFixative•ƒFormalin•ƒPerfusion•ƒMicrotome•13Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20042510%Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200426HistologicalTechniques‰ƒ•ƒ•(10-80)ƒ•()•(Weil)•(Golgi)14Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200427‰3‰i)‰FranzNissl‰ii)‰Carlson(1994)p110Staining.Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200428••Golgi-Cox•Carlson(1994)p11115Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200429Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200430Cresylvioletstaining16Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200431Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20043217Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200433Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20043418Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200435Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20043619Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200437Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20043820Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200439Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200440‰Golgi(1873)cellbodyaxondendritesGolgi21Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200441‰HistologicalMethodsƒElectronmicroscopyƒScanningelectronmicroscopeSEM:••Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20044222Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200443‰TracingNeuralConnectionsƒTracingEfferentAxonsƒAnterogradelabelingmethod:•ƒRetrogradelabelingmethod:•Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200444DefininNeuralConnections‰ƒ•“”•PHA-L•PHA-L(L)PHA-Lƒ•“:”•(fluorogold)23Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200445PHA-LAnterogradeTracing24Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200447PHA-LVMHPAGCopyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200448VMH(VMH)25VMHCopyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200450‰TracingNeuralConnectionsƒTracingEfferentAxonsƒImmunocytochemicalmethod:•ƒPHA-LPhaseolusvulgarisleukoagglutinin:••26Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200451‰TracingNeuralConnectionsƒTracingafferentaxonsƒPseudorabiesvirus••ƒFluorogold•Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200452,()()27Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200453Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200454‰NeurochemicalMethodsƒFindingNeuronsthatProduceParticularNeurochemicalsƒInsituhybridization:••RNAATCGATGC28Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200455‰DNAmRNA‰‰Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200456DNADNA,29Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20045730Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200459MethodsandStrategiesofResearchFunctionalactivityelectricalrecordingEEGFieldpotentials=singleandmultiunitacuteandchronicmicrodialysisAutoradiography(chemicalanatomy)transmitters,receptors,geneexpressAntisense,transgenicsBrainstimulationlocalTCMCopyright(C)Allyn&Bacon2004602003年10TMS31Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200461TMSCopyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200462MethodsandStrategiesofResearchHumansEEG(electricalrecording)StereotaxicsurgeryBrainstimulationImagingthelivingbrainMRI,fMRIPETMagnetoencephalography32Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200463VisualizingaLivingHumanBrain‰1.Computerizedtomography(CT)•X‰2.MagneticResonanceImaging(MRI)•Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200464CT•X‘••33Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200465MRICopyright(C)Allyn&Bacon2004663.PETSPECTPET2-DG()SPECT4.MRIfMRI5.MSI()=MEG()+MRI6.NIRS34Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200467糖&流不T2()MRIBasicMechanismoffMRICopyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200468AseriesofCTscansfromapatientwithalesionintherightoccipitalareaLesionsite35Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200469HumanMRI(Normal)MRI36Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200471manwomanCopyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20047237Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon2004732-DGCopyright(C)Allyn&Bacon2004741338Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200475Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20047639Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200477Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20047840Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200479‰RecordingandStimulatingNeuralActivityƒRecordingswithmicroelectrodesƒMicroelectrode•ƒSingle-unitrecording•Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20048041Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200481Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon20048242Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200483Intra-cellularrecordingfromidentifiedneuronsCopyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200484RecordingNeuralActivity‰‰acutechronic‰ƒ43Copyright(C)Allyn&Bacon200485‰RecordingandStimulatingNeuralActivityƒRecordingwithmacroelectrodesƒMacroelectrode•ƒElectroencephalogram(EEG)•Copyri