社区参与水敏感城市的策略

Strategiesforcommunityparticipationinwatersensitivecities社区参与水敏感城市的策略InternationalCivilEngineeringGraduateStudentSummerSchool,SoutheastUniversity,Nanjing,China2017JoLindsaySchoolofSocialSciences,MonashUniversityOverview•Part1:Whycommunityparticipationisimportant•社区参与为何重要？•Part2:Howtoinvolvecommunities•如何让社区参与？–Strategies–CasestudyofElwood,Melbourne©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesWatermanagementisbecomingmorecomplexSimpleComplicatedComplexWaterSensitiveCityCurrentSystemAcomplextransitionStormWaterConveyance雨洪传输WaterSensitiveUrbanDesign水敏感城市设计AustralianExample:VictoriaGreenInfrastructure~40yearsSWqualityandflowmanagement雨洪质量和流管理SWconveyance雨洪传输WaterSensitiveCity水敏感城市Traditionalwatersupplyandwastewaterdisposal传统供水与废水处理Sharedvision共同愿景Collaboration协作Learning学习Newwaystomanagewater•SpongeCitiesinChinaegKunshan中国的海绵城市昆山-=RSQLYRtbiSI•Urbanlandscapesasactivewatermanagementsystems–Soakupexcessrain吸收多余雨水–Improvewaterwayhealth提高航道健康–Mitigateflooding减轻洪水•Similarconcepts–Australia:WaterSensitiveUrbanDesign(WSUD)水敏感城市–USA:LowImpactDevelopment(LID)低影响开发–UnitedKingdom:SustainableDrainageSystems(SuDS)可持续排水系统©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesHowcancommunitiesparticipateinthetransitiontowatersensitivecites?如何让社区参与向水敏感城市转变的过程？Definitionofcommunityparticipation:•‘aprocessbywhichpeopleareenabledtobecomeactivelyandgenuinelyinvolvedindefiningtheissuesofconcerntothem,inmakingdecisionsaboutfactorsthataffecttheirlives,informulatingandimplementingpolicies,inplanning,developinganddeliveringservicesandintakingactiontoachievechange’(WHO,2002,p.10).7/8/2017comunityparticipation7Whygetcommunitiesinvolved?为什么要让社区参与？1.Betterresults2.Quickerdevelopment©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesWhygetcommunitiesinvolved?3.Publicsupport4.Sustainability5.Responsiveenvironment©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesWhygetcommunitiesinvolved?6.Professionaleducation7.Betterdecisions8.Additionalresources©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesWhygetcommunitiesinvolved?9.Skillbuilding10.Buildingcommunity©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesStagesofparticipation:Theory参与阶段：理论7/8/2017communityparticipation12LevelI.•CommunityreceivesbenefitsfromtheservicebutcontributesnothingLevelII•Somepersonnel,financialormaterialcontributionfromthecommunity,butnotinvolvedindecisionmaking.LevelIII•CommunityparticipatesinlowerleveldecisionmakingLevelIV•ParticipationgoesbeyondlowerleveldecisionmakingtomonitoringandpolicymakingLevelV•programisentirelyrunbythecommunity,exceptforsomeexternalfinancialandtechnicalassistance.DEGREESOFCOMMUNITYPARTICIPATION:THEORY社区参与程度：理论13AwayfromownershipandsustainabilityTowardownershipandsustainabilityCollectiveactionCo-learningCooperationConsultationComplianceCo-optionDISADVANTAGESOFCOMMUNITYPARTICIPATION社区参与的弊端•Participationisaprocessthatinvolvestime•Mayneedmoreresourcessolocalpeoplecanparticipate•Participationcanleadtodecentralizationofdecisionmaking•Participationcanshifttheburdentothecommunity7/8/2017communityparticipation14Example:MonitoringCitizenScienceAtlasofLivingAustralia©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesWeaimtoincreasecommunityparticipationinwatersensitivecitiesWaterliteracy水文化EducationtoimproveknowledgeofwatercycleandwatermanagementConnectionwithwater水相关FosterprideandconnectiontowaterinthelandscapeSharedownership,managementandresponsibility共享所有权、管理和责任CommunitybecomeactiveparticipantsinoperatingandmaintainingthewatersystemBehaviourchange©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesAimtoencouragewatersensitivecitizenship旨在鼓励水敏感公民©CRCforWaterSensitiveCities2012行为参与情感参与认知参与Nationalsurvey:Engagementwithwater©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesWefoundtherearefivedifferentgroups⭐Disengaged不参与©CRCforWaterSensitiveCities⭐⭐Awarebutinactive有意识但不作为©CRCforWaterSensitiveCities⭐⭐⭐Activebutnotengaged积极但不参与©CRCforWaterSensitiveCities⭐⭐⭐⭐Engagedbutcautious参与但是谨慎©CRCforWaterSensitiveCities⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐Highlyengaged高度参与©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesPart2:Howtoinvolvecommunitiesinwatersensitivecities如何让社区参与水敏感城市？Differenttypesofcommunityparticipationandengagement©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesAngelaDean,KellyFielding,FionaNewtonandHelenRoss(2016)Communityengagementinthewatersector:Anoutcome-focusedreviewofdifferentengagementapproachesAwarenessraising:Keyprinciples提高认识：关键原则1.Knowyourcommunity2.Maketheinformationrelevant3.Framethemessagecarefully©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesAwarenessraising:Keyprinciples4.Deliverclearandcrediblemessages5.Maintainconsistency6.Usediversemethodstodelivercontent7.Consideranewangle©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesPrinciplesforeffectiveparticipation有效参与的原则1.Reachouttoallstakeholders2.Beclearaboutthescopeofparticipation3.Providegoodinformationandprocesstosupportdecisionmaking©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesPrinciplesforeffectiveparticipation4.Alignwithexistingcommunityactivitiesandpractices5.Considerculturalissues6.Respectandpromotelocalknowledgeandexistingskills©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesPrinciplesforeffectiveparticipation7.Ensureadequatetimeandresources8.Considerusingneutralfacilitators9.Buildinflexibility©CRCforWaterSensitiveCities©CRCforWaterSensitiveCitiesCurrentCRCProject目前CRC的项目Watersensitivetransitionstrategie