简析拉美国家的石油资源及其出口安全战略

20056Jun12005273JournalofLatinAmericanStudiesVol127No132070,,,,,,,,,;,;,;,,,,,,12%,2,:,,,2003893518,200498719:2005-04-01:,,19841986,,,,(,100007),1/3,,20031,778,65,1024,2001238419534,6370,480356,2786,4745,16,1/4,80%,2/32003287,2,,140,BusinessLatinAmerica,2004/3/15.:(),,,2001,129Vol127No13Jun1200552,16,52004230,20048,299,,,2090645,84%,14%1994294,4349,1/32003337,,2003186,,,25%,30%,130,11%,,,200222,26;17%,50200317713,,20035,,60%1967,,2003,,,20034111,200445016,30%200444017,291,46194,,35,18,10316,370,5000,1201999200355,102090,1060%20037815,4,20903,,2003913,,,16,,1920,,1917,,,,1929,73,3000LatinAmericanEconomyandBusiness,2002/11,p13.EIU,CountryReport:Mexico,April2004,p126.:(),,,2001,717LatinAmericanEconomyandBusiness,2004/8,p127.53,80%,,1938,90%18661910,1954,,,50%,4/51920,,,,,,1923,,1938318,,17,6,,,2070,,,1982,,,20031/32040,1943,,50,,1943197245%89%1970,11975829,1976111,,11,1919762070,,,1978515196919697,51%,19741975,19854919%,,,,,,,1993709068%,1010,41%28%,69%22%2090,,1996,,,50%1993,1996BusinessLatinAmerica,2004/5/24,p.3.:(),,,2001,130Vol127No13Jun120055420,60%1990,,,52%1995,19199619963,,4:(5011%),13020;,2001,1018;,,,2001;422001,,51%1997,1998,1/31999,15,,,,2003,200013,870,,,,,,(50%70%),,,50005%,500012155%20%12156020%25%6025%,37%,;,,,,,,200445016,63%,3119;37%,18171992,13,2070,,,:,,,,,,19982003,,55,3820(338),418(37)lu,,,,,2000,9226217,2715%3218%,15,24,4844,,,,,199310,,,,,,,,1,10,,,,,,,20045,270100,,,,200010,4455,55,,4,,,,,101000,,,,,,,,(Multiple-servicecontracts,CSMs),,,,,80%,,,,,2004,,,,,,,2004830,3,,540,(60)luBusinessLatinAmerica,/2004/5/24,p13.Vol127No13Jun1200556,,,,,,,,,2060,,,,,,2060,:196011,;4;1969lx,,,,,,,,,,ly()1.:,,,19982.:,,,20033.A.,:,,,20044.,:,,,20035.KihwanKim,MajorPolicyChallengesinTradeandFinanceintheAsia$PacificRegion,InternationalStudiesReview,Vol.5,No.1,March2004.lx:,,,1991,175ly::,,20041220,3(56),,2004,4.9,2015,,,,,,,,20101200,,,,,()1.:(),,,20002.EIU,CountryProfile2003Brazil.3.LatinAmericanEconomyandBusiness.4.BusinessLatinAmerica.5.LatinAmericaBusiness.6.EIU,CountryReport.Vol127No13Jun1200560AnAnalysisofLatinAmericanDevelopmentModelfromanInstitutionalPointofView(pp.33-38)TheUnitedStatesalongwithmostLatinAmericannationsachievedindependencepoliticallyfromthelate18thcenturytotheearly19thcentury,buttheireconomicdisparitiesbecomeincreasinglywidesincethen.TherulingclassofLatinAmericannationsonceattemptedtomakesomepoliticalreforms,whichwerefinallyprovedtobeunabletoeradicatetheproblemsdeeplyrootedinthepoliticalinstitutionowingtotheirhistoricalandclasslimitations.Nowitisapressingissueforthosenationstoformthemodernizedleadershipandreformoutdatedandunfavorablepoliticalinstitutions.Onlyinthiswaycantheymakeaneffectiveadministrationofpublicaffairsandattainfruitfulresultsinpromotingthenationaleconomyandsocialprogress.(YinChaoan)ABriefAnalysisoftheRiseofLatinAmericanLeftists(pp.39-42)ThepresentrevivalofLatinAmericanleftistsisachievedthroughpeacefulelections.Afterseizingthestatepower,theyarepronetomakeamildreformofthecurrentlypursuedNeo-liberalpolicyinsteadofaradicalrevolution.Onthewholetheleftistsarestillatthestageofstrengthaccumulation.Howtoachievebalanceddevelopmentofeconomicadvanceandsocialjusticeisstillagreatchallengeforthem.(ChenYuanting)TheSaoPauloForumanditsAlternativePropositions(pp.43-47)In1990,sponsoredbytheLaborPartyofBrazil,48leftistpartiesandorganizationsinLatinAmericaheldaconferenceinSaoPaulo,Brazil,whichdeclaredthefoundingoftheSaoPauloForum.Whilepersistinginthefirmoppositiontoimperialism,hegemonism,colonialismorneo-colonialisminanyform,andexternalintervention,ithasputforwardinrecentyearsalternativepropositionsoralternativemodelforthepurposeofreplacingtheproblematicneo-liberaldevelopmentmodel.(FanLei)PetroleumResourceandtheSecurityStrategyforPetroleumExportinLatinAmerica(pp.52-56)Petroleumhasoccupiedapositionofstrategicimportanceinthenationaleconomyofallnationsaroundtheworldsincethepetroleumcrisisbrokeoutinthemid-1970s.Inrecentyears,duetoconstantchangingoftheworldsituationandintensefluctuationofpetroleumprice,thepetroleumexportingnationsinLatinAmericaareforcedtomeetconsiderablechallengeintheprocessofimplementingthesecuritystrategyforpetroleumexport.Aimedatovercomingtheproblemsinpetroleumproductionandexportandachievingsustainabledevelopment,theyhavetakenavarietyofmeasures,suchasincreasinginvestmentandformulatinglong-termdevelopmentplans.(WuGuoping)LatinAmericanReformsinTelecommunicationSector:TechnicalProgressandProductivity(pp.61-64)ThestructuralreformintelecommunicationsectorhasbeenconductedinrecentyearsinLatinAmericannations.Bygainingabundantinvestment,agreattechnicalprogressalongwithproductivityimprovementhasbeenachievedinthissector.Thereformsinthosecountriesshowthattheworkforcewithmoderntechnologyisespeciallyimportantinpromotingthedevelopmentoftelecommunication.Furthermore,amarketmechanismoffreecompetition,whichencouragesnewcompetitorstojoin,isanecessityofrealizingrationalizationofproductpriceandimprovingservicequality.(LiMingde)80