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Unit2RobotsSectionⅢGrammar——被动语态和动词不定式的被动形式语境自主领悟先观察原句1.ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife,Claire.2.Bythattime,Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.3.ThewomenwereimpressedbyClaire,thehouseandthedeliciouscuisine.4.Whatasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!后自主感悟1.例句1中的黑体字部分为_________时的被动形式,其构成是was/weregoingto+_____+______。2.例句3中的黑体字部分为_________时的被动形式,其构成是was/were+_______。3.例句2、4中的黑体字部分为动词不定式一般式的被动形式,其构成是_____+_____+_______。过去将来bedone一般过去donetobedone语法精要点拨英语中有两种语态,一种是主动语态,一种是被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。一、被动语态的基本构成和用法被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式。时态被动结构一般现在时am/is/are+done一般过去时was/were+done一般将来时shall/will/am/is/are(goingto)+be+done过去将来时should/would/was/were(goingto)+be+done现在进行时am/is/are+being+done过去进行时was/were+being+done现在完成时have/has+been+done过去完成时had+been+done将来完成时shall/will+have+been+done过去将来完成时should/would+have+been+doneEveryoneisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下规定。Somevolunteerswillbesenttotheremotevillagetohelpimprovetheeducationthere.一些志愿者将被派往那个偏远的村庄来帮助提高那里的教育水平。Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.广播上正在播英语课程。Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下个月底前这项工作将会完成。[即时训练1]用所给动词的适当形式填空①Thetourists________________(accompany)byaguidewhentheytravelledinBeijing.②He_________(envy)bymanymen,becausehehasabighouse,acarandagoodfamily.③Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts________________(reward)withsuccessintheend.wereaccompaniedisenviedwillberewarded二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1.否定词not的位置在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor'sdegree.听到不会获得博士学位,他沮丧到了极点。2.“get+过去分词”也表被动Wegotseparatedwhenweenteredthebighall.我们进入大厅时被挤散了。3.“be+过去分词”并非都是被动语态系动词be,feel,seem,look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,作表语用,构成系表结构,表示某种状态。I'minterestedinmathematics.我对数学感兴趣。Heseemsunsatisfiedwithhiswork.他似乎对自己的工作不满意。4.某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义有些动词如read,write,clean,wash,iron,burn,draw,cook,keep,cut,open,blow,peel,sell,act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,常和副词well,easily,smoothly等连用,且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词,且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点,这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。Thedoordoesn'topeneasily.门不容易打开。Bikesofthatkindsellwell.那种自行车好卖。5.动词短语动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的,在被动结构中也是如此,不可去掉后面的介词或副词。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人经常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介词at)[即时训练2]用所给动词的适当形式填空①Asweallknow,thispen______(write)smoothly.②I_________(take)goodcareofbymyunclewhenIwasyoung.writeswastaken三、动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时,动词不定式一般使用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。构成意义一般式tobedone表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作完成式tohavebeendone表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作1.动词不定式被动式的句法功能①作主语Sometimestobeunderstoodisnotaneasyjob.有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事。[名师点津](1)动词不定式(短语)作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。Itisanhonourtobeinvitedtospeakhere.能被邀请在这儿讲话,真是一件荣幸的事。(2)单个动词不定式(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Tobeadoptedbyakeyuniversityisdifficultforhim.对他来说,被一所重点大学录取是困难的。②作表语Thetaskistobefinishedbynextmonth.这项工作要在下个月才能完成。③作宾语Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。[名师点津]有些动词,如want,need,require作“需要”讲时,后常接动词不定式的被动形式或动名词形式的主动形式。Thehousewantsrepairing/toberepaired.这座房子需要修理了。Theseflowersneedwatering/tobewateredonceaday.这些花需要每天浇一次水。④作宾语补足语Hewantedtheboytobepunishedfortellinglies.他想让那个男孩因说谎而受到惩罚。⑤作定语Heisnotamantobedefeatedeasily.他不是一个很容易被打败的人。⑥作状语Sheissentabroadtobetrained.她被送出国外培训。[即时训练3]用所给动词的适当形式填空①It'simportantforthefigures_____________(update)regularly.②We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds________________(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.③Therearestillmanyproblems____________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.tobeupdateddoing/tobedonetobesolved2.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义①动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.今天下午我有许多事要做。(todo与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系)对比:I'llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗?(post与主语you之间不存在主被动关系,只和前面letter构成动宾关系)②在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.这个问题很难计算出来。③在too...to...结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.这本书太贵,我买不起。④betoblame常用主动表示被动。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?谁应为放火受责备?[即时训练4]用所给动词的适当形式填空①Thechairiscomfortable______(sit)in.②Thedriveris________(blame)fortheaccidenthappeningjustnow.③Theoldmanfoundthecomputerwashard__________(operate).④Wehavefourreadingpassages___________(complete)inthecomingholiday.tosittoblametooperatetocomplete语法应用落实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Thegirliseasy______(get)alongwith.2.Hisfatherleftthesmallvillage,never__________(see)again.3.Thegiantpanda________(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.togettobeseenisloved4.Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations______________(make).5.Thesesmalltreesrequire__________________(take)goodcareof.6.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement________________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.havebeenmadetaking/tobetakenhasbeenreached7.Theairport_______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.8.TheplayAMidsummerNight'sDream_____(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.9.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight_______(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.1
本文标题:(新课标)2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 2 Robots Section Ⅲ Gramm
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