红外对应的基团

小木虫经典出品(C)emuch.netInfraredSpectroscopyIRAbsorptionsforRepresentativeFunctionalGroupsFunctionalGroupMolecularMotionWavenumber(cm)-1C-Hstretch2950-2800CH2bend~1465CH3bend~1375alkanesCH2bend(4ormore)~720=CHstretch3100-3010C=Cstretch(isolated)1690-1630C=Cstretch(conjugated)1640-1610C-Hin-planebend1430-1290C-Hbend(monosubstituted)~990&~910C-Hbend(disubstituted-E)~970C-Hbend(disubstituted-1,1)~890C-Hbend(disubstituted-Z)~700alkenesC-Hbend(trisubstituted)~815acetylenicC-Hstretch~3300C,Ctriplebondstretch~2150alkynesacetylenicC-Hbend650-600C-Hstretch3020-3000C=Cstretch~1600&~1475C-Hbend(mono)770-730&715-685C-Hbend(ortho)770-735C-Hbend(meta)~880&~780&~690aromaticsC-Hbend(para)850-8001小木虫经典出品(C)emuch.netO-Hstretch~3650or3400-3300alcoholsC-Ostretch1260-1000C-O-Cstretch(dialkyl)1300-1000ethersC-O-Cstretch(diaryl)~1250&~1120C-Haldehydestretch~2850&~2750aldehydesC=Ostretch~1725C=Ostretch~1715ketonesC-Cstretch1300-1100O-Hstretch3400-2400C=Ostretch1730-1700C-Ostretch1320-1210carboxylicacidsO-Hbend1440-1400C=Ostretch1750-1735C-C(O)-Cstretch(acetates)1260-1230estersC-C(O)-Cstretch(allothers)1210-1160C=Ostretch1810-1775acidchloridesC-Clstretch730-550C=Ostretch1830-1800&1775-1740anhydridesC-Ostretch1300-900N-Hstretch(1perN-Hbond)3500-3300N-Hbend1640-1500C-NStretch(alkyl)1200-1025C-NStretch(aryl)1360-1250aminesN-Hbend(oop)~800N-Hstretch3500-3180C=Ostretch1680-1630N-Hbend1640-1550amidesN-Hbend(1o)1570-15152小木虫经典出品(C)emuch.netC-Fstretch1400-1000C-Clstretch785-540C-Brstretch650-510alkylhalidesC-Istretch600-485nitrilesC,Ntriplebondstretch~2250isocyanates-N=C=Ostretch~2270isothiocyanates-N=C=Sstretch~2125iminesR2C=N-Rstretch1690-1640-NO2(aliphatic)1600-1530&1390-1300nitrogroups-NO2(aromatic)1550-1490&1355-1315mercaptansS-Hstretch~2550sulfoxidesS=Ostretch~1050sulfonesS=Ostretch~1300&~1150S=Ostretch~1350&~11750sulfonatesS-Ostretch1000-750P-Hstretch2320-2270phosphinesPHbend1090-810phosphineoxidesP=O1210-1140II.NMRSolventSignalsThechemicalshifts(d)ofsolventsignalsobservedfor1HNMRand13CNMRspectraarelistedinthefollowingtable.Themultiplicityisshowninparenthesesas1forsinglet,2fordoublet,3fortriplet,etc.Solvent1HNMRChemicalShift13CNMRChemicalShiftAceticAcid11.65(1),2.04(5)179.0(1),20.0(7)Acetone2.05(5)206.7(13),29.9(7)Acetonitrile1.94(5)118.7(1),1.39(7)Benzene7.16(1)128.4(3)Chloroform7.26(1)77.2(3)3小木虫经典出品(C)emuch.netDimethylSulfoxide2.50(5)39.5(7)Methanol4.87(1),3.31(5)49.1(7)MethyleneChloride5.32(3)54.00(5)Pyridine8.74(1),7.58(1),7.22(1)150.3(1),135.9(3),123.9(5)Water(D2O)4.8III.NMRWaterSignalsSignalsforwateroccuratdifferentfrequenciesin1HNMRspectradependingonthesolventused.Listedbelowarethechemicalshiftpositionsofthewatersignalinseveralcommonsolvents.NotethatH2Oisseeninaproticsolvents,whileHODisseeninproticsolventsduetoexchangewiththesolventdeuteriums.SolventChemicalShiftofH2O(orHOD)Acetone2.8Acetonitrile2.1Benzene0.4Chloroform1.6DimethylSulfoxide3.3Methanol4.8MethyleneChloride1.5Pyridine4.9Water(D2O)4.84小木虫经典出品(C)emuch.net1H-ChemicalShiftsrelativtoTMS1211109876543210-1H3C-AlkylH3C-C-HalH3C-C=CH3C-CCH3C-Aryl,-HeteroarylH3C-COH3C-S-H3C-SO2-H3C-N5小木虫经典出品(C)emuch.netH3C-O-AlkylH3C-O-Aryl,-O-CO-C-CH2-AlkylCyclopropaneC-CH2-COC-CH2-O-C-CH2-SC-CH2-NO2C-CH2-NC=C-CH2-C=CN-CH2-CO--O-CH2-CO--O-CH2-O-,-Aryl1211109876543210-1CH-AlkylCH-HalC-CH-O-C-CH-NCO-CH-C=CCH-Aryl,-NR-,-O--CCHAlkineCH=C-Ar-HAlkyl-,Aryl-CHOAlkyl-OHAryl-OHR-COOHAlkyl-SHAryl-SHAlkyl-NH2,Alkyl2-NHAryl-NH2,Aryl2-NHR-CO-NH--CO-NH-CO1211109876543210-16小木虫经典出品(C)emuch.net13CChemicalShiftsrelativetoTMS220200180160140120100806040200-20H3C-C-primaryH3C-S-H3C-NH3C-O--H2C-CsecondaryCyclopropanes-H2C-S--H2C-N-H2C-O--H2C-HalFClBrICH-C-tertiaryCH-S-CH-NCH-HalFClBrIC-CquarternaryC-S-C-NC-O-C-HalClBrIrelativetoTMS220200180160140120100806040200-20AlkinesC=C=CAllenesC=CAlkenesAromaticCompoundsHeteroaromaticCompounds-S-CNRhodanides-N=C=SIsothiocyanates-O-CN-N=C=O7小木虫经典出品(C)emuch.net-CN-NCC=N-Azomethines(-CO)2OAnhydrides-COOR-CONHR-(CO)2NRImides-COOH-COCl-CHOC=OrelativetoTMS220200180160140120100806040200-20nJH,H-CouplingConstantsAbsolutevaluesaregiven.mostprobablesign:I.2JH,H-CouplingconstantsmostlynegativeII.3JH,H-CouplingconstantsmostlypositiveIII.n3JH,H-Couplingconstantspositve/negativeTypeJ(Hz)TypeJ(Hz)12-152-906,5-7,55,5-7,0•aa5-8•ae2-4•ee2-48小木虫经典出品(C)emuch.net0,5-37-1213-184-100,5-2,509-132-31-32-4•o6-9•m1-3•p0-1•1-21,6-2,0•1-30,6-1,0•1-41,3-1,8•2-33,2-3,8•1-22,0-2,6•1-31,5-2,2•1-41,8-2,3•2-32,8-4,0•1-24,6-5,8•1-31,0-1,8•1-42,1-3,3•2-33,0-4,2•1-24,9-5,7•1-31,6-2,6•1-40,7-1,1•1-50,2-0,5•2-37,2-8,5•2-41,4-1,9CharacteristicIRBandPositions9小木虫经典出品(C)emuch.netGroupFrequencyRange(cm-1)OHstretchingvibrationsFreeOH3610-3645(sharp)IntramolecularHbonds3450-3600(sharp)IntermolecularHBonds3200-3550(broad)ChelateCompounds2500-3200(verybroad)NHStretchingvibrationsFreeNH3300-3500HbondedNH3070-3350CHStretchingvibrations=-C-H3280-3340=C-H3000-3100C-CH32862-2882,2652-2972O-CH32815-2832N-CH3(aromatic)2810-2820N-CH3(aliphatic)2780-2805CH22843-2863,2916-2936CH2880-2900SHStretchingVibrationsFreeSH2550-2600C=-