广东省2019春中考英语二轮复习 第Ⅰ章 专题十 被动语态（pdf）

专题十　被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式用主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构是“be＋过去分词”。中考考点解读广东省卷近5年中考统计情况(★单项填空●完形填空◆短文填空)一般现在时20142015★201620172018一般过去时201420152016★2017★2018★◆一般将来时2014★2015201620172018含有情态动词20142015201620172018考点分析：从近5年的考查情况来看，被动语态是单项填空的必考点，每年均考查1题。2019年备考时要熟练掌握考纲要求的4种被动语态的构成和用法。(1)被动语态的用法：①当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或由于某种原因不必提到动作的执行者时，要用被动语态，但在译文里，有时要用主动语态才符合汉语的习惯。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld.世界各地都在踢足球。②当我们要强调动作的承受者而不是动作的执行者时，要用被动语态。例如：TheGreatWallwasbuiltlongago.长城是很久以前建成的。EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguagebymostpeopleintheUSA.美国大多数人都把英语作为第一语言。(2)由主动语态变为被动语态的方法：①主动语态句子里的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语。②主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语形式，即“be＋过去分词”。要注意使助动词be既保持主动句的时态，又要与被动句的主语在人称和数的方面取得一致。③主动语态句子里的主语变为介词by的宾语，再把整个介词短语放在谓语动词之后，有时这个短语可以省略。例如：时态结构例子一般现在时am/is/are＋doneThedesksaremadeinChina.(肯定)Thedesksaren’tmadeinChina.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)ArethedesksmadeinChina?(一般疑问句，把am/is/are提至句首)考点①初中阶段需掌握的几种被动语态时态结构例子一般过去时was/were＋doneThebuildingwasbuilttenyearsago.(肯定)Thebuildingwasn’tbuilttenyearsago.(否定句，在was/were后加not)Wasthebuildingbuilttenyearsago?(一般疑问句，把was/were提至句首)时态结构例子一般将来时will＋be＋doneAnewschoollibrarywillbebuiltnextyear.(肯定)Anewschoollibrarywon’tbebuiltnextyear.(否定句，在will后加not)Willanewschoollibrarybebuiltnextyear?(一般疑问句，把will提至句首)时态结构例子一般将来时am/is/aregoingto＋be＋doneAnewschoollibraryisgoingtobebuiltnextyear.(肯定)Anewschoollibraryisn’tgoingtobebuiltnextyear.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)Isanewschoollibrarygoingtobebuiltnextyear?(一般疑问句，把am/is/are提至句首)时态结构例子含有情态动词情态动词＋be＋doneStudentsshouldbeallowedtogetearspierced.(肯定)Studentsshouldn’tbeallowedtogetearspierced.(否定句，在情态动词后加not)Shouldstudentsbeallowedtogetearspierced?(一般疑问句，把情态动词提至句首)1.含有“使役”动词的被动语态常用的“使役”动词有make,see,watch,notice,hear等。含有“使役”动词的句子在表达主动意义时常用的结构是make(see,hear,watch,notice)sb.dosth.，动词do前面没有to，但在被动语态中要把to补上，即sb.bemade(seen,heard,watched,noticed)todosth.。考点②注意事项Hemademedothework.他让我做这项工作。(主动，do前没有to)→Iwasmadetodothework.我被派去做这项工作。(被动，do前补上to)类似：TomsawLucywatertheflowerslastnight.→Lucywasseentowatertheflowerslastnight.Theyheardhimsingsongsintheroomlastnight.→Hewasheardtosingsongsintheroomlastnight.注：究竟有没有to,其实有个窍门：“使役”动词前有be，则有to；没be，则没to。2.双宾句的被动语态MymothergivesLilyapen．间接宾语直接宾语→Lilyisgivenapenbymymother.→ApenisgiventoLilybymymother.3.感官动词(look,smell,taste,feel,sound等)用主动结构表示被动。如：Theflowersmellsnice.Thecaketastesdelicious.Thewatchlooksbeautiful.4.不及物动词(happen,takeplace,breakout,cost等)没有被动语态。如：GreatchangesweretakenplaceinChina.(×)→GreatchangestookplaceinChina.(√)()1.(2018广东)ManyshopsinChina_______toshutdownasanewlawagainstivory(象牙)tradecameintoeffectonJanuarylst,2018.A.orderedB.didn’torderC.wereorderedD.weren’torderedC中考真题面对面()2.(2017广东)Thewaitertoldmethatfreeparking______forthehotelguests.A.providesB.providedC.willbeprovidedD.wasprovidedD()3.(2016广东)HeJiang_____togiveaspeechatthegraduationceremonyatHarvardUniversitylastmonth.A.invitesB.invitedC.isinvitedD.wasinvitedD()4.(2015广东)—HaveyouheardofthesongLittleApple?—Yes.It______everymorningwhenagedpeopledosquaredancingdownstairs.A.isplayedB.playsC.wasplayedD.playedA()5.(2014广东)AlthoughFlightMH370hasbeenmissingformonths,Idobelieveit______somedayinthefuture.A.willfindB.won’tfindC.willbefoundD.won’tbefoundC()6.(2013广东)It______lastweekthatthehaze(雾霾)inBeijingcausedmanyproblems.A.reportsB.reportedC.isreportedD.wasreportedD()7.(2012广东)Hotwater______inthestudents’flatsfrom5p.m.to7p.m.now.A.suppliesB.issuppliedC.suppliedD.wassuppliedB()8.(2011广东)Peoplewhodrinkwine______todriveafterMayDay.A.don’tallowB.isn’tallowedC.mustn’tallowD.mustn’tbeallowedD()9.(2010广东)The16thAsianGames_______inGuangzhouinNovember,2010.A.holdsB.willholdC.washoldingD.willbeheldD()10.(2009广东)Thenewlibrarybuilding_______lastweek.A.wascompletedB.iscompletedC.completedD.hascompletedA()1.—______freebreakfasts______inallschoolsinChina?—No,notyet.Onlyintheruralareas.A.Were;servedB.Are;servedC.Have;servedD.Will;beservedB对点专练()2.Fromthisyearon,pedestrians(行人)_____20yuaniftheyruntheredlightsaccordingtothelatesttrafficauthorities.A.werefinedB.willfineC.arefineD.willbefinedD()3.—Foodsafetyisveryimportant.—Sosomerules______tostoppeoplefrompollutingfood.A.weremakeB.mustbemadeC.bemadeD.madeB()4.—Oh,mygod!Ican’tfindthekeytomyoffice.—Don’tworry.Perhapsit______atyourhome.A.hasleftB.wasleftC.willbeleftD.leftB()5.Clevernessisagiftwhilekindnessisachoice.Giftsareeasybecausethey______afterall.Choicescanbehard.A.givenB.weregivenC.aregivenD.willbegivenC真题演练1－5BDCCD　6－10BCCCA11－15BABBC16－20DDBDD模拟演练1－5BCBAB6－10ADDDB11－15ACABD16－20BDCCA21－25CDABC