广东省2019春中考英语二轮复习 第Ⅰ章 专题八 动词及动词词组（pdf）

专题八　动词及动词词组表示动作和状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类：实义动词(NotionalVerb)、连系动词(LinkVerb)、助动词(AuxiliaryVerb)、情态动词(ModalVerb);还可以根据其后是否带有宾语分为两类：及物动词(TransitiveVerb)和不及物动词(IntransitiveVerb)。中考考点解读广东省卷近5年中考统计情况(★单项填空●完形填空◆短文填空)情态动词2014★can2015★must2016★may2017★should2018★can动词词组2014★keepintouchwith●takeout●keepon2015★dependon●leadto●cheerup2016★setoff●lookdownupon●giveup2017★lookthrough●taketheplaceof●joinin2018●carryout●setoff动词辨析2014●●●2015●2016●2017●2018●●2014◆makemoney◆arrivein2015◆takephotos◆whathappenedtosb.◆worryabout2016◆showone’sloveforsb.◆followone’sexample◆spendtimewithsb.2017◆sitat固定搭配2018◆cheer…up…考点分析：从近5年的考查情况来看，情态动词是每年单项填空的必考点，动词词组和动词辨析是完形填空的必考点，动词的固定搭配是短文填空的必考点。2019年备考时要注重动词词组、情态动词以及动词的辨析的复习。基本形式构成规则例子动词原形动词的原始形式study,be,like,catch,depend第三人称单数①以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的＋espass—passes,teach—teaches,go—goes考点①动词的基本形式基本形式构成规则例子第三人称单数②以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i再＋escarry—carries,cry—cries,fly—flies,try—tries③其他情况：在词尾＋sread—reads,take—takes,put—puts基本形式构成规则例子现在分词①以不发音的e结尾，去e再＋ingwrite—writing,have—having,make—making②重读闭音节，双写结尾字母再＋ingswim—swimming,run—running,get—getting基本形式构成规则例子现在分词③以ie结尾，改ie为y，再＋ingdie—dying,lie—lying,tie—tying④其他情况：在词尾＋ingread—reading,catch—catching,do—doing基本形式构成规则例子过去式与过去分词①一般情况：在词尾＋edwork—worked,pass—passed,depend—depended②以e结尾，直接＋dlive—lived,hope—hoped,decide—decided基本形式构成规则例子过去式与过去分词③以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i再＋edstudy—studied,worry—worried,hurry—hurried④重读闭音节，双写结尾字母再＋edstop—stopped,shop—shopped,plan—planned写出下列动词的相应形式。动词原形第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词bedostopisbeingwasbeendoesdoingdiddonestopsstoppingstoppedstopped对点专练动词原形第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词passcarrymakedieteachputpassespassingpassedpassedcarriescarryingcarriedcarriedmakesmakingmademadediesdyingdieddiedteachesteachingtaughttaughtputsputtingputput连系动词把主语和说明主语性质、状态或身份等的词语(作表语的形容词或名词)联系起来，并和这些词语一起构成谓语。考点②连系动词用法例子①be动词Heisateacher.他是一名教师。②五变：be/become变成，turn变色，get变温，go变质be/becomehappy,turnred,gethot，gobad(变质)用法例子③五感官：look,sound,taste,smell,feel(眼看，耳听，口尝，鼻闻，手摸)Lilysaystheflowerintheparklooksbeautifulandsmellssweet.Weeatsomefoodthereandittastesdelicious.Wefeelhappy.Thetripsoundswonderful.()1.(2011广东)Thissilkdress______sosmooth.It’smadeinChina.A.feelsB.smellsC.soundsD.tastesA()2.(2010广东)You_______cool!Aretheseyournewsunglasses?A.tasteB.lookC.smellD.soundB中考专题面对面()1.—Therearedarkcloudsandthewindisblowingstrongly.—It______thatatyphooniscoming.A.feelsB.soundsC.seemsD.looksC对点专练()2.—Dinnerisready.Helpyourself,please!—Wow!It______delicious.Youarereallygoodatcooking.A.getsB.soundsC.tastesD.turnsC()3.—Goodmorning.I’dlikeabirthdaygiftformymother.—Whataboutthisscarf?Itisbeautifulandit______softandsmooth.A.feelsB.looksC.seemsD.becomesA()4.—Three-Dpaintingtechnologycouldbeusedtobuildahouseinlessthan24hours.—It______amazing.It’smyfirsttimethatIhavegottoknowthenews.A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.keepsC()5.It’s______darkeranddarkeroutside.Weshouldtakeabushomerightnow.A.feelingB.gettingC.turningD.growingB1.助动词的语法特征(be,do,does,did,have,has,had,shall,will)(1)一般没有词义；(2)不能单独作谓语，与其他动词一起构成谓语，使用不同的时态或语态，或使用疑问、否定句式；(3)有人称、数和时态的变化。考点③助动词2．常见助动词的用法助动词用法例子be“be＋现在分词”构成现在进行时Itisrainingheavilyoutside.外面雨正下得很大。“be＋过去分词”构成被动语态Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.教室每天都被打扫。助动词用法例子havehashad“have/has＋过去分词”构成现在完成时HehasbeentoHongKongtwice.他到过香港两次。“had＋过去分词”构成过去完成时Hehadalreadyfinishedhishomeworkwhenhisfathercameback.当他爸爸回来的时候，他已经完成作业了。助动词用法例子dodoesdid构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否定句或疑问句Youdon’tlikeeatingdumplings.你不喜欢吃饺子。Didyouwatchthevolleyballmatchlastnight?你昨晚看排球比赛了吗？助动词用法例子dodoesdid构成祈使句的否定Don’tbelateagain!不要再迟到！用于so,neither,nor引导的倒装句Theydon’tknowtheexacttimetosetoff.NeitherdoI.他们不知道出发的准确时间，我也不知道。助动词用法例子shallwill构成一般将来时；shall只与第一人称主语连用；will可与各种人称主语连用Whattimeshallwesetoff?我们应该什么时候出发？Shallwebeginnow?我们现在开始吗？()1.—NobodybelievesTomhasread100bookssofar.—Butinfact,he________.Youcanseethenewsontheschoolwebsite.A.doesB.hasC.isD.willB对点专练()2.—________yougoshoppingwithmethisafternoon?—Yes.Iwanttobuyabeautifuldressformymother.A.DoesB.AreC.WereD.WillD()3.Mycomputer________work.Theremaybesomethingwrongwithit,butI’mnotsure.A.doesn’tB.won’tC.isn’tD.hasn’tA()4.Maryenjoysplayingthepiano.So________I.A.amB.didC.doD.willC()5.—Ann,why_______youhurryingout?—ImustgonoworI’llbelateforthemeeting.A.isB.areC.doD.willB情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，要与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词后要使用动词原形，没有人称和数的变化(haveto和beableto除外)。考点④情态动词1.情态动词一览表情态动词过去式词义句型变化cancould能；会；可以Icouldswimattheageofseven.(肯定)→Icouldn’tswimattheageofseven.(否定)→Couldyouswimattheageofseven?(一般疑问)情态动词过去式词义句型变化maymight可能；也许Youmaytakeawalkaftersupper.(肯定)→Youmaynottakeawalkaftersupper.(否定)→MayItakeawalkaftersupper?(一般疑问)情态动词过去式词义句型变化must必须；一定Wemustarrivehomebefore10:00.(肯定)→Weneedn’t/don’thavetoarrivehomebefore10:00.(否定)→Mustyouarrivehomebefore10:00?(一般疑问)情态动词过去式词义句型变化have/hastohadto不得不Tomhadtogohomeonfootlastnight.(肯定)→Tomdidn’thavetogohomeonfootlastnight.(否定)→DidTomhavetogohomeonfootlastnight?(一般疑问)情态动词过去式词义句型变化should/oughtto应该Weshould/oughttokeeptheairfresh.(肯定)→Weshouldn’t/oughtnottokeeptheairfresh.(否定)→Shouldwe/Oughtwetokeeptheairfresh?(一般疑问)情态动词过去式词义句型变化need需要注意：need作情态动词使用时只用于否定句和疑问句中。→Youneedn’tcloseallthewindows.(否定)→NeedIcloseallt