新人教高中英语必修三unit4-space-exploration-知识点-教师

必修三unit4知识点1．determinevt.查明；确定；决定[P40教材原文]However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。(1)determineon/upon(doing)sth.决定(做)某事determinetodosth.决定做某事(表示动作)(2)determinedadj.坚决的；有决心的bedeterminedtodosth.决定做某事(表示状态)(3)determinationn.决心I'msogladtoknowthatyouhavedeterminedon/uponstudyingfurtherinBeijinginyourlastletter.从你的上一封信中我很高兴得知你已决定在北京进一步学习。ThoughTomwasstubborn,theydeterminedtopersuadehimtotraveltogether.虽然汤姆很固执，但他们决定说服他一起去旅行。Determinedtostudyhard,heboredaholeinthewallto“steal”lightfromhisneighbortoreadatnight.决心努力学习，他在墙上凿了个洞从邻居家“偷”光，以便于晚上读书。①ThismadeHannahverysadandevenmoredetermined(determine)todosomething.②Thedetermined(determine)lookonhisfaceshowedthathehadenoughconfidenceinhimself.③I'mdeterminedtoperformwellinthefinalexam,soI'moccupiedinpreparingforit.→Determined_to_perform_wellinthefinalexam,I'moccupiedinpreparingforit.(分词作状语)2．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望[P41教材原文]Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。(1)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……(应该)做某事(2)haveastrongdesiretodosth./forsth.迫切要做某事/急于得到某物Shehasastrongdesireforknowledgeandwantstogotocollegeverymuch.她对知识有强烈的渴望，很想上大学。Thedesiretohelpothersmustcomefromthedeepheart.帮助别人的愿望必须发自内心深处。①Wealwaysdesireto_live(live)inpeacewithalltheothers.②Heexpressedastrongdesirethatmeasuresbe(be)takentostoppollution.一句多译：在场的所有学生都渴望上重点大学。Allthestudentspresenthave_a_strong_desire_to_go_to_a_key_university.(desiren．)Allthestudentspresentdesire_to_go_to_a_key_university.(desirev．)Allthestudentspresentdesirethatthey(should)_go_to_a_key_university.3．carryon继续做，坚持干[P41教材原文]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，人们还是相信继续进行太空探索的重要性。carryout执行；实施carryonwithsth.继续某事carryondoingsth.继续做某事Herbraveryhasgivenhimthewilltocarryonwithhislifeandhiswork.她的勇敢给予了他继续生活和工作的意志(力)。Imyselfwillfirmlycarryoutthisplan.我本人将坚决执行这个计划。①Ifyoucarryonworking(work)likethat,youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.②Firstofall,themostsignificantthingistosetagoal,workoutaplanandcarryoutyourplanstepbystep.4．signalvt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志[P41教材原文]ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina'splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。(1)signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal[(to)sb.]that...示意(某人)……(2)asignalforsb.todosth.某人做某事的信号Whenhecloseshisbook,it'sasignalforeveryonetostandup.当他把书合上时，这就表示该全体起立了。①Thepolicesignaledtothedriverto_stop(stop)hiscar.②Therewasasignalforhimto_continue(continue)．Thebellrang,andsignaledthatschoolwasover.→Thebellrang,which_signaled_that_school_was_over.(非限制性定语从句)→Thebellrang,signaling_that_school_was_over.(分词作状语)5．[P40教材原文]Lookingupatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers.仰望星空，人们总是想更多地了解太空，科学家们努力地去寻找答案。[句式分析]Lookingupatthestars为现在分词短语作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。Orderedoveraweekago，thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。①Compared(compare)withthewesternmedicine'shighfees，TCMhasareasonablepricethatordinarypeoplecanafford.②Theboybroughthisguitartothestage，wearing(wear)afashionablehatwhichmadehimseemsomysterious.③Thinking(Think)thathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.6．[P41教材原文]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，人们还是相信继续进行太空探索的重要性。[句式分析]This/That/Itisbecause＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……”。because,why引导的表语从句：because,why可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：This/That/Itis/waswhy...这/那是……的原因。This/That/Itis/wasbecause...这/那是因为……Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……Heoftenrefusestotakepartinsomesportsevents.Itisbecauseheisalwayssoweak.他经常拒绝参加一些体育活动，因为他总是那么虚弱。Thatiswhyhewaslateforschoolthismorning.那就是他今天早晨迟到的原因。Chinaisdevelopingfast.That'swhyIthinkthoseofmycolleagueswhodealwithChinaaffairsshouldvisitChina.中国在飞速发展，那就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。Thereasonwhyhedidn'tpasstheexamwasthathewastoocareless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。①Theproblemisthatonelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.②Whatisevenmoreimportantisthattheearthcooleddown,andwaterbegantoappearonitssurface.③Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthattherewasheavytrafficontheroad.Book3unit4languagepoints21．arguevt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论[P44教材原文]Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyexploringspace.有些人认为我们应该停止把时间和钱浪费在探索太空上。arguefor/against据理主张/反对arguethat...(should)dosth.主张……arguewithsb.on/about/oversth.与某人争辩某事argue/talk/persuadesb.into/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事Weallfindbothofhisargumentsconvincingandinteresting.我们都觉得他的两个观点令人信服而且有趣。Manyexpertsargueforthebanofridingmotorcyclesinthecity.许多专家主张禁止在城市中骑摩托车。①Itis_argued(argue)thatstepsbetakentomaketheroadsafer.②Iarguethateveryonetry(try)tohelpthoseinneed.(2)一句多译:我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。③Wetriedmanywaysto_argue_him_into_following_our_a