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不定式todo不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.即nottodoMyfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.主动态被动态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的时态和语态动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补(Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing.)作主语Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2.放弃吸烟是对的。注①:在很多情况下,特别是在口语中,常采用先行it代替主语,而把不定式后置:It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.注②:不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出,也可以由“for/of+名词词组”来表示,如:Itwasdifficultformetodothework.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.作宾语Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.1.Fred没有钱,所以他决定找一份工作。2.他答应不告述任何人这事。learn,need,plan,wish,start,want,hope,manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree作表语MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英语。2.眼见为实。作定语Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1.你有什么要说的吗?2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人.Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth下列情形用不定式作定语•1.由theonly,thefirst,thelast,thenext以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词,常用不定式作定语.•e.g)MadeCuriewasthefirstpersonintheworldtoreceivetwoNobelPrizes.•Thebestwaytokeepfitistodevelophealthyeatinghabits.2.当修饰词是名词:ability,way,chance,attempt,plan,failure等,这时用不定式作定语,对所修饰词起补充说明的作用.e.g)ThreeyearslaterhehadachancetogotoAustralia.Hefailedinhisattempttoescapefromprison.作状语Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的状语.结果状语•1.不定式作状语表示目的,或用于soasto和inorderto之后e.g)Tolearnaforeignlanguagewell,youmustuseitasmuchaspossible.•2.不定式用在so…asto,such…asto,onlyto…以及too…to,enough…to等结构中,表示结果.•e.g)Wouldyoubesokindastocarrytheluggageforme.作宾补Sheaskedmetostayhere.1.她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.adviseallowaskcauseencourageexpectforcegetinforminviteorderpermitremindrequestteachtellwantwarnenablewish做独立成分1.Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.(老实说)类似的短语有:tobefrank,坦白说tobeexact,确切的说tobeginwith首先,第一注意1.有些动词后面的不定式不带to,如feel(一感)hear,listento(二听)make,have,let(三让)see,watch,notice,observe(四看).Iheardthemsingapopsong.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.A.不带to的不定式注:这些动词若用于被动语态,不定式必须加toThemanwasmadetomovehiscarbythepoliceman.2.在wouldrather…than…,ratherthan,等结构后的than之后不用to.3.在can’tbut,can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,donothingbut,之后的不定式不用to4.介词but,except,besides+todo,但是如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,介词后的不定式不用to.5.一些特定结构中:whynotdo…(为什么不做…)hadbetterdo…(最好做…)wouldratherdo…(宁愿;宁可)e.g)Iwouldratherhaveacupoftea.我宁愿喝茶。Youhadbettergoback.你还是回去的好。Whynotseeafilmtonight.注意b.带疑问词的动词不定式在to前加疑问词。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?(what,when,where,which,who,how)注意D.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时,动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词,只保留to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行车,但我叫她别用。E.有些动词后面既可跟不定式todo,又可跟动名词doing,但是意义不一样,如remember,forget,try,stop,goon,mean,regret,like/love,can’thelp,propose等等Irememberedtoposttheletters.Irememberedposting/havingposttheletters.1)remember/forgettodo表示记得/忘记要去做某事remember/forgetdoing表示记得/忘记做过某事Youreallymusttrytoovercomeyourlaziness.Tryusinganotherkeysincethisonecannotopenthedoor.2)trytodo设法努力做某事trydoing尝试着做某事Aftertakingoutapicture,theteacherwentontoasksomestudentstoanswersomequestions.Afterdrinkingaglassofwater,thelecturerwentontalkingaboutthetopic.3)goontodo表示接着做另外一件事情goondoing表示接着做原来的那件事情Youshouldstoptopermittheoldladytocrosstheroad.Hestoppedreadingwhenhehearthetelephoneringing.4)stoptodo表示停下来去做另外一件事情stopdoing表示停止做某事Hemeanstofinishtheworkintwodays.Acceptingthejobmeansleavinghisparentsandlivinginanothercityalone.5)meantodo表示打算,意欲做某事meandoing表示意味着,意思是Iregrettoinformyouthatyoudidn’tpassthetest.Iregrettedhavingleftthecountryaftertwentyyears6)regrettodo表示很遗憾要去做某事regretdoing表示很遗憾已经做过的事情Helikesswimming,buthedoesn’tliketoswimthisevening.7)like/love/hatetodo表示一次性具体的动作like/love/hatedoing表示经常性、习惯性的动作Ihavesomuchworktodo,soIcan’thelp(to)cleantheroomnow.Whensheheardthesadnews,shecouldn’thelpcrying.8)can’thelp(to)do表示不能做,无助于can’thelpdoing表示请不自禁Heusedtoworkinthatcountry.Hehasgotusedtolivinginthatcountry.9)usedtodo表示过去常常做某事be/getusedtodoing表示习惯于做某事Heisafraidtowalkaloneatnight.Theytalkedveryinalowvoiceastheywereafraidofwakingthesleepingbaby.10)beafraidtodo表示(因恐惧)不敢做某事beafraidofdoing表示害怕或恐怕某事发生注:need/want/require;worth/worthy的特殊用法Thebikeneedstoberepaired.Theroomneedsrepairing.1)need/wanttobedone=need/wantdoing需要(含被动意义)ThebookisworthreadingThebookisworthytoberead.Thebookisworthyofbeingread.2)beworthdoing…beworthytobedone/beworthyofbeingdone这本书值得一读。注:Prefer的用法:preferdoing…todoing…prefertodo…ratherthando…wouldratherdo…thando…Ipreferwaitingheretostayingathome.Iprefertowaithereratherthanstayathome.Iwouldratherwaitherethanstayathome.Heisusedto_________inthatcity.(live)I’mlookingforwardto______yousoon.(see)Sheobjectsto_________theproblemnow.(discuss)Hedevotedhimselfto___________thenewtheory.(establish)Ihavebeenaccustomedto________inthatcompanysinceIcamehere.(work)Inadditionto_______hisownworkwell,h
本文标题:《动词不定式》
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