2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Friendship Section Ⅲ Gramma

-1-SectionⅢGrammar——直接引语变间接引语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1.Shesaid，“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo，butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend，andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.”2.TheysaythatthisboyandIhavefalleninlove.3.Annesaidshedidn'tdareopenawindow.4.Theteacherasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.引述别人的话一般采用两种方式：一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，这叫直接引语(DirectSpeech)；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在引号内，这叫间接引语(IndirectSpeech)。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。一、直接引语变间接引语时人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应地变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，hers，it，its，they，their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。一随主：Hesaid，“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.(I改为he，it不变)二随宾：Hesaid，“Youtoldmethisstory.”→HesaidthatIhadtoldhimthatstory.(You改为I，me改为him，told改为hadtold)第三人称不更新：Hesaidtome，“She'sleftherbookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.(She's改为shehad，her不变，your改为my)[即时演练1]句型转换①Theworkerssaid，“Theleadersoftenmaketheworkersworkextrahours.”→Theworkerssaidthattheleadersoftenmadetheworkersworkextrahours.②Marysaid，“Iwanttohaveacomputerofmyown.”-2-→Marysaidthatshewantedtohaveacomputerofherown.③Hercolleaguesaidtoher，“Whodidyouaskforaleave？”→Hercolleagueaskedherwhoshehadaskedforaleave.二、直接引语变间接引语时时态的变化1．主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时，动词时态相应变化见下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般将来进行时过去将来进行时一般将来完成时过去将来完成时①Hesaid，“IusuallywatchTVonSunday.”→HesaidthatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday.②Hesaid，“I'musingtheknife.”→Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.③Hesaid，“Icametohelpyou.”→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.[名师点津]直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言，与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Theteachersaid，“Theearthisround.”→Theteachersaidthattheearthisround.Hesaid，“IwasborninShandongin1965.”→HesaidthathewasborninShandongin1965.2．主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时。如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变。①Hesays，“Ifinishedthework.”→Hesaysthathefinishedthework.②Hewillsay，“Ihavewateredtheflowers.”→Hewillsaythathehaswateredtheflowers.-3-[即时演练2]句型转换①Hisfriendsaidtohim，“Weareplanningtohaveapicnic.”→Hisfriendtoldhimthattheywereplanningtohaveapicnic.②Theorganizersaid，“Wehavebegunourplan.”→Theorganizersaidthattheyhadbeguntheirplan.③Myteachersaidtousyesterday，“Earlybirdscatchworms.”→Myteachertoldusyesterdaythatearlybirdscatchworms．三、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表类型直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语nowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek(month...)thatweek(month...)yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month...)theweek(month...)beforetwoweeks(months)agotwoweeks(months)beforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek(month...)thenextweek(month...)地点状语herethere动词comegobringtake①Hesaid，“ImetMrSmiththismorning.”→HesaidthathehadmetMrSmiththatmorning.②Hesaid，“Wewenttothecinemayesterday.”→Hesaidthattheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.[名师点津]当直接引语为陈述句，主句为过去时时，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。Shesaid，“Mybrotherdoesn'twanttogothere.”→Shesaidthatherbrotherdidn'twanttocomehere.[即时演练3]句型转换①Sheasked，“Isthisbookhis？”→Sheaskedwhetherthatbookwashis.-4-②Hesaid，“It'steno'clocknow.”→Hesaidthatitwasteno'clockthen．③Hesaid，“I'llcomeheretonight.”→Hesaidthathewouldgotherethatnight.四、连接词的选择1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。Hesaid，“Iwascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.”→Hesaid(that)hewascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.[名师点津]直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“saidtosb.”常改为“toldsb.”。Shesaidtome，“Icamebackanhourago.”→Shetoldme(that)shehadcomebackanhourbefore.2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，间接引语中用whether(...or...或．..ornot)或if引导。Hesaid，“AreyouinterestedinEnglish？”→Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.[名师点津]如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“What'syourname？”heaskedme.→Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.[名师点津]疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。[即时演练4]句型转换①Mothersaidtoherdaughter，“Areyousatisfiedwithyournewroom？”→Motheraskedherdaughterwhether/ifshewassatisfiedwithhernewroom.②“Whenwillthesportsmeetbeheld？”hesaid.→Heaskedwhenthesportsmeetwouldbeheld.③Thelittleboysaid，“Iwasplayingwithmytoyswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.”→Thelittleboysaid(that)hewasplayingwithhistoyswhensomeoneknocked-5-atthedoor.Ⅰ.将下列直接引语变为间接引语1．Hesaid，“I'veleftmybookinmyroom.”→Hesaidthathehadlefthisbookinhisroom．2．ShesaidtoTom，“Canyouhelpme？”→SheaskedTomwhetherhecouldhelpher．3．Shesaid，“Hewillbebusy.”→Shesaidthathewouldbebusy．4．Theteacherasked，“Howdidyourepairit？”→TheteacheraskedmehowIrepairedit．5．Theteachersaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”→Theteachersaidthatpracticemakesperfect．6．Hesaid，“Wearestillstudents.”→Hesaidthattheywerestillstudents．7．Theyoungmansaidtome，“Iwasbornin1990.”→Theyoungmantoldmethathewasbornin1990.8．Hesaid，“ThefilmhadbegunwhenIgottothecinema.”→Hesaidthatthefilmhadbegunwhenhegottothecinema．9．Iaskedtheteacher，“Whenshallwehaveoursportsmeeting？”→Iaskedtheteacherwhenweshouldhaveoursportsmeeting.10．Shesaid，“I'lldoittonight.”→Shesaidthatshewoulddoitthatnight．Ⅱ.单句改错(每个句子仅有1处错误)1．JohnsaidthatheisgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.is→was