2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 School life Section Ⅲ Gramm

-1-SectionⅢGrammar——定语从句(Ⅰ)语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟①IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana.②IlovedthelessonsthatshegaveinEnglishLiterature.③Wehaveacarparkforbothourvisitorsandourstudentswhodrive.④Mostofthestudentswhomhetaughthavebecomehisfriends.⑤SomeofthecitiesinChinawhichhelikesmostareBeijing，Shanghai，HarbinandNanjing.1.例句①中的whose在从句中作定语。2.例句②④⑤中的黑体词在从句中作宾语。3.例句③中的黑体词在从句中作主语。一、基本概念在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系词是引导定语从句的词，并在从句中作一定的句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose，as等。[即时训练1]找出下列句中的定语从句和先行词①Isthisthebookwhichyourfatherboughtforyou?whichyourfatherboughtforyou；thebook②Whoisthemanthatisspeakingtoyourmother?thatisspeakingtoyourmother；theman③Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.whosecarhadbrokendown；theman二、关系代词的用法(一)关系代词that和which-2-1．that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语，而且作宾语时常可省略。Thisisthebook．Iwanttoreadit．Thisisthebook(that)Iwanttoread．这就是我想读的那本书。(that指代thebook，在定语从句中充当宾语)2．which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。MyfavoriteplaceisKunming.KunmingisknownastheSpringCity．MyfavoriteplaceisKunmingwhichisknownastheSpringCity．我最喜欢的地方是昆明，它以“春城”而闻名。(which指代Kunming，在定语从句中充当主语)3．只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是everything，nothing，anything，something，much，little，none等不定代词或先行词被any，some，no，much，few，little，every，all等修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么我可以为你做的吗？(2)先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that。Itisthefirststepthatcoststroublesome.万事开头难。(3)先行词中既有人又有物时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout？你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？(4)先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast等修饰且指物时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.我们能做的唯一一件事情就是给你一些建议。4．只用which不用that的情况(1)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，其中的关系代词只用which而不用that。ThisisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn.这就是莎士比亚出生的那所房子。(2)引导非限制性定语从句。Hepassedtheexam，whichmadehisparentshappy.-3-他通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。[名师点津]关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与先行词一致。[即时训练2]单句语法填空①Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.②HereisthebookaboutwhichItoldyouyesterday.③Finallyhereachedalonelyislandthat/whichwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.(二)关系代词who，whom和whose1．who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。ThetallmanisYaoMing.YaoMingisplayingbasketball．ThetallmanwhoisplayingbasketballisYaoMing．正在打篮球的那个很高的人是姚明。(who指代YaoMing，在定语从句中充当主语)2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Thisisthegirl.Imetthegirlinthestreet．ThisisthegirlwhomImetinthestreet．这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。(whom指代thegirl，在定语从句中充当宾语)3．whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于ofwhom；指物时，相当于ofwhich。Ihavereadthebook．Ilikeitscharactersverymuch.IhavereadthebookwhosecharactersIlikeverymuch．我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它里面的人物。(whose指代先行词thebook，在定语从句中充当定语)[名师点津](1)who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物；who在定语从句中作主语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。(2)用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who，that替代。(3)关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，在定语从句中主要用作宾语。[即时训练3]句型转换①Shehasabrother.Idon'tknowhisname.→ShehasabrotherwhosenameIdon'tknow．②Themanisourmanager.Yousawthemanjustnow.-4-→Theman(who/whom)yousawjustnowisourmanager.③Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.→Thechildwhoisstandingoverthereismybrother.单句语法填空1．I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolthat/who/whomImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.2．InChina，thenumberofcitiesisincreasingwhosedevelopmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.3．Thegirlhandedeverythingthatshehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.4．Intheend，shedecidedtosellthehousewhosewindowswerealmostallbroken.5．ThisisthebestbookthatIhavebeenlookingforallthisyear.6．Wetalkedaboutthepoetsandtheirpoemsthatweremembered.7．Doingvoluntaryworkisagoodwaytoenrichstudents'knowledgethat/whichisusuallyunabletobeacquiredfromtextbooks.8．WhenpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofChina，thefirstthatcomesintotheirmindisBeijing.9．Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutthroughpracticewillsucceed.10．Ourschoolisnottheonethatitusedtobe.