-1-SectionⅢGrammar——名词性从句(Ⅱ)与it作形式主语语境自主领悟先观察原句①ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.②Itisinterestingtolearnhowthewordsforanimalsandmeatdeveloped.③Itiscertainthatthisprocesswillcontinue...④IalwayswonderedwhenIwouldgettheEnglishnovelmyparentshadpromisedtogiveme.⑤WhatIalwaysdreamtofhascometrue.⑥Itisfunwanderinginthecountryside.后自主感悟1.第①、④、⑤句中的黑体部分都是名词性从句,它们分别在各自的句子中作表语、宾语和主语。2.第②、③、⑥句中的黑体部分都是it作形式主语的用法,it分别替代的是动词不定式、主语从句和动名词短语。一、连接代词、连接副词引导的名词性从句1.由what,which,who/whom,whose等连接代词和when,where,why,how等连接副词引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。(1)主语从句Whatsurpriseduswasherignorance.使我们吃惊的是她的无知。Wherewewillgohasn'tbeendecided.我们要去哪儿还没有定下来。Whenshewillcomeisstillunknown.她何时来还不知道。(2)宾语从句Theschoolwasbuiltonwhatusedtobeawasteland.这所学校是在以前的荒地上建造的。Nowwedon'tknowhowthepyramidswerebuilt.现在我们不知道金字塔是如何建造的。Pleasetellmewhosebookitis.-2-请告诉我这是谁的书。(3)表语从句Theproblemishowwecouldmakehimunderstandit.问题是我们如何能使他明白这些。Thequestioniswhereweshouldgo.问题是我们应该去哪儿。Hewasill.Thatwaswhyhedidn'tattendthemeeting.他病了。那就是他没出席会议的原因。Hedidn'tattendthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.他没出席会议。那是因为他生病了。(4)同位语从句Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.我不知道他去哪里了。Wedon'tunderstandtheproblemwhythisisthebestchoice.我们不明白这个问题——为什么这是最好的选择。2.连接代词和连接副词的选择连接代词和连接副词的选择要把握住两点:(1)成分:连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;连接副词在从句中作状语。(2)意义:无论是连接代词还是连接副词,通常都有各自的意义。That'swheretheaccidenttookplace.那就是事故发生的地方。(作状语,意为“……的地方”)Shedidn'tknowwho/whomweweretalkingabout.她不知道我们在谈论谁。(作介词宾语,意为“谁”)[即时演练1]选词填空:when,why,how,which,what,who,whom①Doyouknowwhenthetrainarrives.②Canyoutellmewhyyouchosethetopictowriteanarticle.③HowIcanmakegreaterprogresslaterisaproblem.④Whichteamwillwinisnotclear.⑤WhatIwanttoknowiswhotookawaymybook.⑥Theproblemiswhomweshouldhavedoit.3.what与that的用法区别(1)that只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,也无任何意义。(2)what引导从句,除起连接作用外,还在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分,这时what-3-具有两个含义:①保留疑问的意义,即“什么;什么样的”;②相当于“thething(s)that/which”,即“先行词+定语从句”的含义。另外,what的此种用法还可以表示时间(thetimethat)、地点(theplacethat)、人物(thepersonthat)、数目(theamount/numberthat)等不同概念。Youcanhavewhatyoulike.你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthisaddress.麻烦在于她弄丢了他的地址。Afterwhatseemedalongwait,theresultswereannounced.经过了似乎漫长的等待之后,结果被宣布了。[即时演练2]单句改错①Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.That→What②Thekeyisthatwecangetfromit.that→what③Hesavesthatheearns.that→what④Iknowthefactwhathecameheretwoyearsago.what→that4.“疑问词+ever”与“nomatter+疑问词”的用法区别whoever,whatever,whichever等既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句,而“nomatter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。[即时演练3]句型转换①Anyonewhocomeshereiswelcome.→Whoevercomeshereiswelcome.②Youcandoanythingyoulike.→Youcandowhateveryoulike.二、it用作形式主语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。1.代替主语从句it代替主语从句的常用句式如下:(1)Itbe+名词(apity,ashame,anhonour,agoodidea,amiracle,afact,commonknowledge,asurprise...)+从句。ItisapitythatIcan'tgowithyoubecauseIhavetolookaftermylittlebrother.-4-很遗憾我不能和你一起去,因为我必须照看我的弟弟。Itiscommonknowledgethattheearthturnsaroundthesun.地球围着太阳转是常识。(2)Itbe+形容词(clear,possible,likely,natural,certain,fortunate,necessary,strange,uncertain,obvious,important...)+从句。Itisobviousthattheyarefortheplan.很明显他们赞同此项计划。(3)It+不及物动词(happen,seem,appear,chance,occur,matter...)+从句。Ithappened/chancedthatIwasinthecountrysideatthetime.那时我恰巧在乡下。Itseemsthatitisgoingtorainsoon.看起来天马上要下雨了。(4)It+be+过去分词(found,believed,reported,thought,noted,proved,known,decided,suggested,required...)+从句。Itisreportedthatthefirecausedagreatlossandhundredsofpeopledied.据报道这一次火灾损失巨大并且数百人死亡。[名师点津](1)“It+be+said/believed/reported/...that...”句型一般可转换成“sb./sth.+besaid/believed/reported/...+不定式”句型。Itissaidthathehasgotadoctor'sdegree.=Heissaidtohavegotadoctor'sdegree.据说他获得了博士学位。(2)在句型“It+is/was+adj.+主语从句”中,如果形容词是important,strange,natural,necessary等,从句谓语部分要用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.我们有必要提前把一切都准备好。(3)在“Itis/was+过去分词+that...”结构中,如果动词是require,demand,request等,从句谓语部分要用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.要求所有人都不能在这里吸烟。2.代替不定式短语ItishardtotranslatethissentenceintoEnglish.把这个句子译成英语很难。3.代替v.ing短语-5-It'snousearguingwithhim.同他争辩没用。4.it作形式主语和it用于强调句型的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化,可以是that,whether或连接代词、连接副词。而it强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that,若被强调部分指人时也可用who。试比较:Itisapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseethefilm.你没有去看电影真遗憾。(主语从句)Itdoesn'tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.你成功与否我都不感兴趣。(主语从句)Itwasinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.正是上午的时候谋杀案发生了。(强调句型)ItwasJohnthat/whobrokethewindow.是约翰把窗子打破的。(强调句型)[即时演练4]用it作形式主语改写句子①Torememberthisruleisimportant.→It'simportanttorememberthisrule.②Lyinginthesuninwinterispleasant.→Itispleasantlyinginthesuninwinter.③Thatherhairwasturninggreyworriedherabit.→Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Whatisimportantishowtopersuadehertochangehermind.2.Youmaychoosewhatevertopicyouliketowriteyourcomposition.3.Itisclearthattheweatherwillsoonturnoutfine.4.OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavetimetospendadaywithmykids.5.Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionisjustwhatworriesthepublic.6.-IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.-That'swhereIdon'tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.7.Whoeverleavestheroomoughttoturnoffthelight.
本文标题:2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 2 Language Section Ⅲ Grammar—
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