2019年高中英语 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe Se

1Module5TheConquestoftheUniverseDuringtheColdWar,theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionwereincompetitionwitheachothertoseewhohadthebettertechnologyinspace.AfterWorldWarⅡboththeUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionrealizedhowimportantrocketresearchwouldbetothemilitary.TheyeachemployedthetoprocketscientistsfromGermanytohelpwiththeirresearch.Soonbothsidesweremakingprogressinrockettechnology.TheSpaceRacebeganin1955whenbothcountriesannouncedthattheywouldsoonlaunchsatellitesintoorbit.TheSovietstooktheUSannouncementasachallengeandevensetupacommissionwhosegoalwastobeattheUSinputtingasatelliteintospace.OnOct.4th,1957theRussiansplacedthefirstsuccessfulsatellitecalledSputnikⅠintoorbit.Thus,theRussianshadtakentheleadintheSpaceRace.Fourmonthslater,theAmericanssuccessfullylaunchedtheirfirstsatellitecalledtheExplorerⅠ.However,theSovietsagainwontheraceforputtingthefirstmanintospace.OnApr.12th,1961,YuriGagarinwasthefirstmantoorbittheEarthinthespacecraftVostokⅠ.Threeweekslater,theUSlaunchedtheFreedom7andastronautAlanShepherdbecamethefirstAmericaninspace.However,Shepherd'scraftdidnotorbittheEarth.ItwasnearlyayearlaterthatthefirstAmerican,JohnGlenn,orbitedtheEarthontheFriendship7spacecraft.TheAmericanswereembarrassedatbeingbehindtheSpaceRace.In1961,PresidentKennedyannouncedthathewantedtobethefirsttoputamanontheMoon.Hethoughtthiswasimportantforthecountryandthewesternworld,sotheApolloMoonprogramwaslaunched.WiththeApolloprogramslaunched,theUShadtakenahugeleadintheSpaceRace.InJulyof1975withrelationsbetweentheUSandtheSovietUnionbeginningtothaw(关系缓和),thefirstUS­SovietjointmissionoccurredwiththeApollo­Soyezproject.TheSpaceRacewaseffectivelyover.Section_ⅠIntroduction&Reading—Pre­reading[原文呈现]Space:theFinalFrontierPart12EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfooton①theMoonbackon21stJuly,1969②，peoplehavebecomeaccustomed③totheideaofspacetravel.Millionsof④peoplewatchedthatfirstmoonlandingontelevision,theirheartsintheirmouths,aware⑤ofhowdifficultanddangerousanadventureitwas,andwhatrisks⑥hadtobetaken.WithArmstrong'snowfamouswords：“That'sonesmallstepforman,onegiant⑦leapformankind”，adreamwasachieved.AllthreeastronautsmadeitsafelybacktoEarth,usingaspaceshipcomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytheaverageschoolstudentstoday⑧.Therewereseveralmorejourneysintospaceoverthenextfewyearsbutthesinglespaceshipswereveryexpensive⑨astheycouldnottakeoff⑩morethanonce⑪.Peoplewerenolongersoenthusiasticabout⑫aspacetravelprogrammethatwascostingtheUnitedStatesD|S10millionaday⑬.Thatwasuntilthearrivalofthespaceshuttle⑭—aspacecraftthatcouldbeusedforseveraljourneys⑮.ThefirstshuttleflightintospacewastheColumbia—launchedfromtheKennedySpaceCentreon12thApril,1981⑯.Theaimofthisflightwastotestthenewshuttlesystem,togosafelyupintoorbitandtoreturn⑰totheEarthforasafelanding.ItwasasuccessandalittlemorethanadecadeafterApollo11'shistoric⑱voyage,theColumbiamadeasafe,controlled,aeroplane­stylelandinginCalifornia.Thiswasthestartofanewage⑲ofspacetravel.[读文清障]①setfooton/in踏上，进入/进到(某处)②Eversince...是时间状语从句，主句通常用现在完成时。③accustomed/ə'kʌstəmd/adj.习惯的become/beaccustomedto习惯于(注意to为介词)④millionsof数以百万计的(表泛指)如果million前面有具体数字表示确指，则million不能用复数，后面也不加of。⑤awareadj.意识到的；知道的be/becomeawareof知道；意识到⑥riskn.&v．危险，风险；使(某人/自己)面临危险take/runrisks/arisk冒险riskdoing...冒险做……⑦giantadj.巨大的⑧usingaspaceshipcomputerthat...是现在分词短语作方式状语。该状语中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰aspaceshipcomputer。该定语从句中，usedby...是过去分3词短语作定语，修饰theones。⑨astheycouldnottakeoffmorethanonce是原因状语从句。⑩takeoff起飞；脱掉；成功takeon雇用，聘用；呈现，具有⑪oncen．一次adv.曾经conj.一旦(引导条件状语从句)⑫beenthusiasticabout对……很热情/热心⑬thatwascostingtheUnitedStatesD|S10millionaday是定语从句，修饰aspacetravelprogramme。⑭shuttle/'ʃʌtl/n.航天飞机⑮thatcouldbeusedforseveraljourneys是定语从句，修饰aspacecraft。⑯launchedfrom...为过去分词短语作后置定语。⑰totest...,togosafelyup...,toreturn...是三个动词不定式短语作表语。⑱historic/hI'stɒrIk/adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的historicaladj.(有关)历史的⑲agen．时期，时代；年龄anewageof……的新纪元太空：最后的疆域第一部分[第1～2段译文]自从尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次冒险是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。伴随着阿姆斯特朗那句如今已经非常有名的话：“这是一个人的一小步，但是整个人类的一大步”，一个梦想实现了。三位宇航员都顺利返回地球，他们当年使用的计算机远不及现在普通学生使用的电脑高级。在接下来的几年里，又有几艘宇宙飞船进入太空，但是单程宇宙飞船非常昂贵，因为它们只能被使用一次。人们对每天要花掉美国1000万美元的太空旅行计划不再那么热衷了。这种情况一直持续到航天飞机的出现——那是一种可以被用来进行多次旅行的航天器。第一个到达太空的航天飞机是“哥伦比亚号”——于1981年4月12日发射于肯尼迪航天中心。这次飞行的目的是测试这种新的飞行器，看其是否能够安全进入轨道、返回地球并且安全着陆。距离“阿波罗11号”历史性的飞行仅仅十年多的时间，这次航行取得了成功，“哥伦比亚号”在控制下以飞机着陆的方式安全地返回了加利福尼亚。这次飞行开辟了宇宙航行的新纪元。Bythetime⑳theChallengertookoffin1986,theworldseemedtohavelostitsfearandwonderattheamazing○21achievementofpeoplegoingup○22intospace○23.But4thiswasgoingtobeaspecialflightandsomillionsofpeopletuned○24intowitness○25thetake­offonTV○26.Anordinaryteacher,ChristaMcAuliffe,37,whowasmarriedwithtwochildren○27，wastobethefirstcivilianinspace.Shewasgoingtogivetwofifteen­minutelessons○28fromspace.Thefirstwastoshowthecontrolsofthespacecraftandexplainhowgravityworked○29.ThesecondwastodescribetheaimsoftheChallengerspaceprogramme.Christahopedtocommunicate○30asenseofexcitementandcreate○31newinterestinthespaceprogramme.Sadly○32，shenevercamebacktoherclassroomagain,○33astheshuttleexploded○34justoveramin