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1Module1BritishandAmericanEnglish单元小结Thelinguists,whostudylinguistics,sayAmericanEnglishhasalotincommonwithBritishEnglish.Thatis,theformerissimilartothelatter.Butinfacttheydifferinmanyways.First,theyhavedifferencesinvocabulary.Forexample,peoplegetaroundinLondonbyunderground,whileinNewYorkbysubway.Besides,thesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.Second,thedifferencesbetweenthemexistingrammarandprepositions.Americansuseintheteam,whiletheBritishuseontheteam.Third,therearealsodifferencesbetweenthetwovarietiesinspellingandpronunciation.ComparedwithBritishEnglish'sspelling,AmericanEnglish'sspellingseemssimpler.TheworkofNoahmadeadifference,leadingtothisvariation.Noahsimplifiedsomewords'spellingandmadethemhaveadistinctiveAmericanlook.Hewroteadictionary,introducinglotsofnewAmericanwords,pronunciation,useandnewspelling.AlthoughBritishcriticiseditandweren'tinfavourofthesechanges,itrapidlybecamepopularamongAmericansthankstoNoah'sattempt.ThedictionarybecameastandardreferencebookintheUSA.语言学家,即研究语言学的人说美式英语和英式英语有很多共同特点。也就是说,前者与后者很相似。但事实上它们在许多方面不同。首先,两者在词汇方面不同。比如,人们乘地铁(underground)在伦敦四处走动,而在纽约人们乘地铁(subway)走动。而且,同一个单词在意思上也有稍微不同,这可能令人感到困惑。第二,两者之间的不同还存在于语法和介词中。美国人用intheteam,而英国人用ontheteam。第三,这两个不同种类在拼写和读音上也有所不同。与英式英语拼写相比,美式英语的拼写似乎更简单。诺亚的工作产生了很大影响,导致了这种变化。诺亚简化了一些单词的拼写,使它们有明显的美国面貌。他写了一本词典,引进了很多新的美国单词、读音、用法以及新的拼写。尽管英国人批评这本字典,不支持这些变化,但多亏了诺亚的努力,它很快在美国人中流行起来。这本词典已成了美国的一本标准的参考书。加餐练(一)完形阅读组合练Ⅰ.完形填空Mrs.Thompson,aprimaryschoolteacher,noticedthatTeddydidn'tplaywiththeotherchildren,thathisclothesweredirty,andthatTeddycouldbe__1__.However,whenshe__2__hispastrecordsshewasinsurprise.Teddy'sfirstgrade2teacherwrote,“Teddyisabrightchild.Hedoeshisworkneatlyandhasgood__3__...Heisajoytobearound.”Hissecondgradeteacherwrote,“Teddyisanexcellentstudent,welllikedbyhisclassmates.Butheis__4__becausehismotherisseriouslyill.”Histhirdgradeteacherwrote,“Hismother's__5__isagreatshocktohim.Hetriestodohisbestbuthis__6__doesn'tcareforhim...”.Teddy'sfourthgradeteacherwrote,“Teddyis__7__anddoesn'tshowmuchinterestinschool.Hedoesn'thavemanyfriendsandsometimes__8__inclass.”Bythen,Mrs.Thompson__9__theproblem.Thenshequitteachingreadingandwriting.__10__,shebegantoteachchildrenhowtobeaman.Shepaid__11__attentiontoTeddy.Assheworkedwithhim,hismindseemedtocomealive.The__12__sheencouragedhim,thefasterheresponded.GraduallyTeddybecameoneofthesmartestchildrenintheclass.Severalyearslatera__13__fromTeddycame,__14__thathegothisbachelor'sdegreeandthatshewasstillthebestand__15__teacherheeverhad.ThatspringatTeddy'sweddingceremony,theyhuggedeachother,andTeddy__16__inMrs.Thompson'sear,“Thankyoufor__17__me.Thankyousomuchformakingmefeel__18__andshowingmethatIcouldmakeadifference.”Withtearsinhereyes,Mrs.Thompsonsaid,“Teddy,youweretheonewho__19__methatIcouldmakeadifference.Ididn'tknowhowtoteach__20__Imetyou.”语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。Teddy是一个不讨人喜欢的五年级学生。Thompson夫人通过档案知道Teddy原来并非如此,从此她改变自己的教学方式,对Teddy悉心教导,终于让他从各方面取得了进步,最终成才。多年后,在Teddy的婚礼上,师生彼此表达了对方对自己的重要性。1.A.unfortunateB.unpleasantC.unfriendlyD.hopeless解析:选B根据前文Teddy不和其他孩子一起玩,衣服是脏的可知,Teddy不讨人喜欢。unfortunate“不幸的”;unpleasant“使人不快的”;unfriendly“不友好的”;hopeless“没有希望的”。故B项正确。2.A.presentedB.copiedC.sentD.read解析:选D根据下文一年级老师对Teddy的评价可知,Thompson夫人在看他过去的档案。故D项符合语境。3.A.mannersB.examples3C.opinionsD.methods解析:选A根据下文的“Heisajoytobearound.”可知与他在一起很开心,因此可推知他待人有礼貌。goodmanners“有礼貌”。故A项正确。4.A.troubledB.movedC.pleasedD.welcomed解析:选A根据“But”可知上下文构成转折关系,他的同班同学们都很喜欢他,不过母亲的病重让他感到不安。troubled“不安的,烦恼的”,符合语境。故A项正确。5.A.actionB.controlC.attentionD.death解析:选D由语境可知,母亲的去世对他是个很大的打击。action“行动”;control“控制”;attention“注意”;death“死亡”。故D项正确。6.A.sisterB.fatherC.teacherD.brother解析:选B根据生活常识可知,尽管他努力向上,但他的父亲并不关心他。故B项正确。7.A.activeB.distantC.lonelyD.strange解析:选C联系上文可知,Teddy没有了母亲,而且缺少父爱,因此他是孤独的。active“积极的”;distant“冷淡的”;lonely“孤独的”;strange“奇怪的”。8.A.liesB.laughsC.chatsD.sleeps解析:选D由语境并结合选项可知,Teddy没有多少朋友,并且他有时在课堂上睡觉。故D项正确。9.A.realizedB.foundC.thoughtD.proved解析:选A联系语境可知,Thompson夫人意识到了问题所在。realize“认识到,理解”;find“发现”;think“认为”;prove“证明”。故A项正确。10.A.OtherwiseB.AnyhowC.InsteadD.Yet解析:选C由语境可知,她不再教阅读和写作,而是开始教孩子们如何做人。otherwise“否则”;anyhow“无论如何”;instead“反而”;yet“但是”。故C项正确。11.A.frequentB.unknownC.littleD.particular解析:选D联系上下文可知,Thompson夫人对Teddy特别关注。故D项正确。412.A.leastB.moreC.mostD.less解析:选B根据下文可知,她越鼓励他,他的反应就越快。故B项正确。13.A.workB.reportC.letterD.gift解析:选C根据下文内容可知,几年后Teddy给Thompson夫人寄来了一封信。故C项正确。14.A.declaringB.expressingC.describingD.explaining解析:选DTeddy在信中说他获得了学士学位。declare“宣布”;express“表达”;describe“描述”;explain“说明”。故D项正确。15.A.favoriteB.worstC.cleverestD.first解析:选A联系上文Thompson夫人对Teddy的态度可知,他认为她是最好的、他最喜欢的老师。故A项正确。16.A.warnedB.repeatedC.shoutedD.whispered解析:选D根据空后的ear可知Teddy低声在老师耳边说。warn“警告”;repeat“重复”;shout“叫喊”;whisper“小声说,低声说”。故D项正确。17.A.enrichingB.hearingC.trustingD.leaving解析:选Cenrich“使丰富”;hear“听”;trust“信任”;leave“离开”。根据语境可知C项正确。18.A.importantB.ambitiousC.perfectD.free解析:选A联系上文可知,Thompson夫人让Teddy觉得自己重要。important“重要的”;ambitious“有雄心的”;perfect“完美的”;free“自由的”。故A项正确。19.A.orderedB.taughtC.impressedD.guided解析:选B此处指Thompson夫人认为是Teddy教会她认识到自己可以有所作为。order“命令”;teach“教”;impress“给……留下深刻的印象”;guide“引导”。故B项正确。20.A.unlessB
本文标题:2019年高中英语 Module 1 British and American English 单元
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