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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 山东省2020届新高考英语大二轮总复习 第一讲 名词和冠词教案
-1-第一讲名词和冠词语法项目(一)名词[考纲解读·定方向]语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格,以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。解答有关名词的题目时,一定要注意名词前的修饰成分,如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等,来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词;有的还要结合语境分析句子成分,来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词[思考趋向]1.填名词的单复数若提示词是名词,分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变,此时应考虑填名词的单复数。2.填名词的所有格提示词为名词时,如果作定语表示“……的”,则一般考查名词的所有格。3.派生为名词[典例感悟][典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveral________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.解析:invitationsinvitation“邀请”是可数名词,其前有several修饰,应用复数形式。[典例2](2019·湖南师大附中模拟)Thiscouldbe________(Mary)motto——theexpressionthatbestcapturesherspirit.解析:Mary's此题考查名词的所有格,根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。[典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Ofcourseyouhavetoworkatit.Youwouldn'tthinkthatafew________(month)ofexerciseinyourteenswouldbeenoughfortherestofyourlife,andthat'salsotrueforbuildingyourvocabulary—youhavetokeepatitdaily,andprettysoonyouwillfindthatyouhaveanexcellentvocabulary.解析:months考查名词的数。根据空前的afew及month为可数名词可知,此处表示“几个月的锻炼”,故用month的复数形式。[典例4](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher________(educate).-2-解析:education根据空格前的修饰语定答案。前面由形容词性物主代词her(她的)修饰,故用educate的名词形式,education是不可数名词。名词单数变复数的技法牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式[实例体验]1.(2018·浙江卷6月)FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese________(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.解析:dishes[考查名词的数。dish是可数名词,其前无限定词,故用其复数形式dishes。]2.(2018·福州期末)AhutongisanancientcitystreettypicalinBeijing.SurroundingtheForbiddenCity,manywerebuiltduringtheYuan,MingandQing________(dynasty).解析:dynasties[考查名词的数。根据该句中的“Yuan,MingandQing”可知,此处指三个朝代,dynasty为可数名词,故用其复数形式。]3.(2017·浙江卷6月)LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall________(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.解析:carrots[carrot是可数名词,根据ahandfulof“一把”可知,应用其复数形式。]4.(2020·江西重点中学盟校联考)________(tomato)andpotatoestooksometimetobecomepopular.解析:Tomatoes[and连接并列主语,由potatoes可知tomato应用复数形式。]5.(2020·四川龙泉模拟)TheymayletyousurftheInternet,listentomusicandtake________(photo)whereveryouare.解析:photos[takephotos意为“拍照”。]6.(2020·湖北宜昌葛洲坝中学月考)Notonlyhavethefablesthemselveslivedfornearly1,500years,but________(express)fromthemhaveenteredvariouslanguages.解析:expressions[句意:不仅这些寓言本身存在了近1500年,而且里面的一些词语已经被收录到各种语言中了。设空处表示“词语”之意,在句中作主语,需用名词形式;根据设空处后的haveentered可推知设空处需用名词复数形式,故填expressions。]7.(2019·福建厦门期末)The17thcenturyphilosopherandstatesmanFrancisBacondeclaredthatnothinghadchangedtheworldmoredeeplythanthreegreat________(invention):gunpowder,printingandthecompass.-3-解析:inventions[句意:17世纪的哲学家兼政治家弗朗西斯·培根宣称:任何东西都不如火药、印刷术和指南针这三项伟大的发明对世界造成的变化大。根据设空处前的three可知设空处填名词复数形式。]8.(2019·河北五个一名校联盟二模)Thesiteisconstantlyupdatedwithnews,oftenaboutexciting________(finding)thatchangehowweviewtheworld.解析:findings[考查名词的数。finding为可数名词,其前无限定词修饰,且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”,为复数概念,所以应用finding的复数形式。][重点强化]规则名词的6种复数变化形式变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加smouth→mouths以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词在词尾加esglass→glassesmatch→matches以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变y为i再加escountry→countriesfactory→factories以元音字母+y结尾的名词在词尾直接加+sholiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeys以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加s有些在词尾加esphoto→photospotato→potatoes以f,fe结尾的名词一般要变f或fe为v+esself→selveswolf→wolves少数直接加sbelief→beliefs牢记不规则变化的名词复数形式[实例体验]1.(2019·福建高三质检)“Alaya,youdon'thavetodothisifyoudon'twantto.Nobodyisforcingyou.”ThoughIsaidIwasn'tgoingtodoit,my________(foot)carriedmetowardthepool.解析:feet[由空格前的my确定空格处应填名词。由常识可知应是我的双脚带着我朝一个池塘走去,故应填foot的复数形式feet。]2.(2019·江西重点中学协作体联考)Now,these________(child)mayhaveahightechfriendtohelpfeellessalone.解析:children[由空格前的these确定空格处应填child的复数形式children。]-4-3.(2019·山西省实验中学模拟)________(woman)arestartingtotakepowerinmoreandmoreimportantpositionsinrecentyears.解析:Women[由空格后的are确定空格处应用woman的复数形式women作主语。][重点强化]不规则名词的3种复数变化形式变化规则例词单复数同形deer,sheep,means,series,Chinese,Swiss,aircraft,spacecraft变内部元音foot→feet,tooth→teeth,man→men,woman→women外来名词medium→media媒体phenomenon→phenomena现象analysis→analyses分析派生出来的名词[实例体验]1.(2019·衡水期末)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop________(attract).解析:attraction[空格前有形容词和物主代词,因此要用名词形式。]2.(2019·九江模拟)“Themostefficientwayistodecreasethelocalpopulationtoreducethe________(possible)ofcausingharmtotheheritage,”Wangsaid.解析:possibility[前有定冠词the修饰,所以用名词形式。]3.(2019·潍坊一模)Thebookgivesadetailed________(explain)oftheorigin,theprocessingskillsandtheclassificationofbonyfish.解析:explanation[根据空格前的不定冠词a以及形容词detailed可知,空格处被不定冠词和形容词修饰,故用explain的名词形式。][重点强化]运用构词法知识,掌握派生出来的名词1.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-5-ion/tion/sion/ationcorrect→correction改正celebrate→celebration庆祝;庆祝会attract→attraction吸引graduate→graduation毕业conclude→conclusion结论;结束discuss→discussion讨论;辩论decide→decision决定admit→admission接纳;准许入学invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释expect→expectation期望er/ordrive→driver司机;驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者;采集者teach→teacher老师announce→announcer广播员conduct→conductor指挥;售票员mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement功绩;成就argue→argument辩论;论据treat→treatment对待;治疗equip→equipment装备;设备govern→government政府ance/enceappear→appearance出现,外貌guide→guidance指引;指导perform→performance表演;节目exist→existence存在,生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考;查阅inghear→hearing听力;听觉begin→beginning开始u
本文标题:山东省2020届新高考英语大二轮总复习 第一讲 名词和冠词教案
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