2019-2020学年新教材高中英语 Unit 1 Knowing me Knowing you S

-1-SectionⅢUsinglanguage过去分词作状语过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。过去分词作状语时，表示被动的或已完成的动作，在句中可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随状语等。过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。过去分词(短语)作状语一般都用逗号同其他成分隔开。[观察例句]阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1．Disappointedbyhisbehaviour，Isaidallthistomybestfriend.2．Treatedthisway，you'resuretofeelhurt.3．Approachedinthisway，yourfriendshipwillsoonberepaired.4．Filledwithanger，youtendtosaywhatevercomestoyourmind.5．Lostindeepthought，hedidn'thearthesound!6．Thesignalgiven，thebusstarted.7．Whengivenamedicalexamination，youshouldkeepcalm.[归纳用法]一、过去分词作状语的具体用法1．作时间状语时，可转换为when或while等引导的从句，通常放在句首。如：Seenfromthetopofthehill(＝Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill)，theschoollookslikeabiggarden.从山顶上看，学校像一个大花园。2．作条件状语时，可转换为once，if或unless等引导的从句，一般放在句首。如：Givenmoreattention(＝Ifitwasgivenmoreattention)，thefirecouldhavebeenavoided.如果多注意一下，大火或许可以避免。3．作原因状语时，可转换为because，as或since等引导的从句，多放在句首。如：Encouraged(＝Asshewasencouraged)bytheteacher，thegirlwasveryhappy.因为受到老师的鼓励，这个女孩很开心。4．作让步状语时，可转换为though，although或evenif引导的从句，常放在句首。如：Left(＝Althoughshewasleft)aloneathome，Jennydidn'tfeelafraidatall.-2-尽管被单独留在了家里，珍妮一点也不害怕。5．作方式或伴随状语时，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。如：Surroundedbyhisstudents，theteacherwentintothelab.(＝Theteacherwassurroundedbyhisstudentsandhewentintothelab.)老师在学生的簇拥下进入了实验室。6．过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带连词when，while，if，though，asif，unless等。如：Ifheated，waterwillchangeintosteam.如果加热，水会变成水蒸气。二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别1．逻辑关系现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。Hewentout，shuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后将门随手关上。Notknowingwhattodo，hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Givenmoreencouragement，theboycouldhavebehavedbetter.如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。Facedwithdifficulties，wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。(3)部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动和完成。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lostin(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。Lost/Absorbed/Buriedindeepthought，hedidn'thearthesound.因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。Borninthisbeautifultown，hehatestoleaveit.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。2．时间概念过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(havingdone)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的-3-完成式的被动式(havingbeendone)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for＋一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其他情况下通常被过去分词替换，使句式更简洁。Writteninahurry，thisarticlewasnotsogood.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。Readingcarefully，hefoundsomethinghehadn'tknownbefore.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。Havingfinishedhishomework，hewenthome.完成了作业，他就回家了。Havingbeendiscussedseveraltimes，thedecisionwasfinallymade.进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。[即时训练]改写下列句子1．Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain，hewasallwet.Caughtinaheavyrain，hewasallwet.2．Althoughthebookhasbeenpublishedmanytimes，thebookstillsellswellinthemarket.Althoughpublishedmanytimes，thebookstillsellswellinthemarket.3．Thoughhewasdefeated，heremainedapopularboxer.Thoughdefeated，heremainedapopularboxer.4．Onceitisvisited，thecitywillneverbeforgotten.Oncevisited，thecitywillneverbeforgotten.5．Ifweareunited，westand；ifwearedivided，wefall.United，westand；divided，wefall.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Influenced(influence)byhisfather，hefellinlovewithliterature.2．Hestoodtheresilently，moved(move)totears.3．Time，used(use)correctly，isthemoneyinthebanksoweshouldcherisheverysecond.4．Offered(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie，Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.5．Separated(separate)fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyanimalsandplantsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.6．Generallyspeaking，iftaken(take)accordingtothedirections，thedrughas-4-nosideeffect.7．Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirwayusing(use)thesunandthestars.8．Raised(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow，hehadalong，hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.9．Children，whenaccompanied(accompany)bytheirparents，areallowedtoenterthestadium.10．Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland，staring(stare)atthenightsky.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Haveyoueverthoughtaboutthebestmealever1.eaten(eat)?Formanypeople，itisn'tjustaboutthequalityofthefood；it'salsoaboutgreatmemoriesofaparticularvacationorthepersonitwasshared2.with．When3.asked(ask)，100famouschefsfromaroundtheworldtoldus4.whattheirbestmealswere，andwegotsome5.interesting(interest)answers.Astheresearchersexpected，30%ofthechefs6.surveyed(survey)saidthattheirbestmealasakidwasstillwhattheylikedthemostasanadult.20%7.considered(consider)amealinafancyrestaurantasthebestoneintheirlives，andanother10%saidthatamealwhiletheywereonvacationwiththeirwifeorhusbandwasthebestofalltime.15%saidthatasimplemealoften8.cooked(cook)athomeranked9.higher(high)thananyothermeal，andthesamenumbersaidthattheirbestdishwassomethingtheymadeattheplacewheretheyworked.10.Surprisingly(surprising)，10%ofthesechefssaidthattheirfavoritemealoftheirentireliveswasatafastfoodrestaurant！