2019-2020学年新教材高中英语 Unit 4 Natural disasters 单元重点知识

-1-Unit4NaturaldisastersⅠ.重点词汇1．rescuen．&vt.营救；救援(1)come/go_tosb.'srescue来/去救助某人rescueteam/workers救援队/人员(2)rescue...from...把……从……解救出来2．damagevt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失(1)damageone's_health损害某人的健康(2)cause/dodamageto...对……造成损害3．affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(1)begreatly/deeplyaffectedby被……深深打动；被……深深影响beaffectedwith_high_fever发高烧affectsb.to_tears把某人感动得流泪(2)effectn.作用；影响haveaneffect/influence_on对……产生影响4．sheltern.避难所；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)(1)takeshelterfrom...躲避……(2)sheltersb./sth.from保护……(免受……)5．ruinn．&vt.破坏；损坏(1)be/lie_inruins倒塌；破败不堪fall/come_intoruin成为废墟；毁灭(2)ruinone's_future/health毁掉某人的前程/健康ruinoneself自我毁灭6．shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊(1)inshock震惊；吃惊；休克beashockto使……吃惊(2)shockedadj.震惊的；惊讶的beshockedat/by对……吃惊beshockedto_do_sth.因某事而吃惊(3)shockingadj.令人震惊的(常用来形容物)-2-7．trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱(1)betrappedin...困在……中，陷入……trapsb.into_(doing)_sth.诱使某人(做)某事(2)lay/setatrapfor为……设下圈套fall/walk_intoatrap落入圈套8．buryvt.埋葬；安葬burysth.in把……埋到……里buryone'sfacein_hands双手掩面buryoneself_in埋头于；专心于；沉浸于9．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(1)sufferpain/a_defeat/loss/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/损失/艰难/破坏sufferfrom受……折磨；患……病(2)sufferingn.痛苦；苦恼(3)sufferern.受难者；患病者10．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过(1)survivefrom经过……之后还存在surviveon依靠……生存下来(2)survivorn.幸存者survivaln.[U]幸存[C]残存物11．calmadj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静，使镇静(1)calm(sb.)down(使某人)平静下来；镇静下来(2)stay/keep/becalm保持镇静(3)calmnessn.镇静；沉着12．aidn.援助；帮助；救援物资vt.&vi.帮助；援助(1)withtheaidof在……的帮助下inaidof用以援助come_to_one'said帮助某人What's...in_aid_of?……究竟是为什么(发生)；……是做什么用的？(2)aidsb.in_(doing)_sth.帮助某人做某事aidsb.with_sth.以某事/某物帮助某人13．onhand现有(尤指帮助)ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……inhand在手中handinhand携手；手拉手，密切合作-3-14．sweepvt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫；清扫sweepaway消灭，彻底消除，完全打消sweepup打扫；清扫sweepaside漠视，不理会，把……放在一边sweepout打扫干净sweepover突然袭来make_a_cleansweepof(在比赛、选举等中)大获全胜；大换班，大改变15．strikevi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击(1)bestruckby/with被……击中；(引申义)被……打动，迷恋……Itstrikessb.that＝Itoccurstosb.that某人突然想到……strike...intoone'sheart使……刻骨铭心strikesb.as(being)sth.给某人(以……)印象；让某人觉得(2)be/go_onstrike罢工16．delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表(1)deliversth._to_sb./sth.把……递送给……delivera_speech发表演说delivera_baby接生婴儿(2)deliveryn.投递；送货；分娩17．effectn.影响；结果；效果(1)have_aneffecton/upon_sth.对……有效；对……有影响come/go_intoeffect生效takeeffect生效；奏效bring/put...intoeffect实施ineffect实际上(2)effectiveadj.有效的；有影响的(3)affectvt.影响Ⅱ.教材原句1．It_seemed_as_iftheworldwere_coming_to_an_end！(教材P50)仿佛世界末日即将来临！2．Two_thirds_ofthepeoplewho_lived_thereweredeadorinjured.(教材P50)三分之二的居民或死或伤。3．The_number_ofpeoplewho_were_killed_or_badly_injuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.(教材P50)-4-在地震中受重伤或死亡的人数超过40万人。4．Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodig_outthosewho_were_trappedandtoburythedead.(教材P50)很快，在地震发生后，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出并掩埋死者。5．Workersbuiltshelters_forsurvivorswhose_homeshadbeendestroyed.(教材P50)工人为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。6．Thecitybegantorevive_itselfandgetbackupon_its_feet.(教材P50)城市开始自我重建，依靠自己的力量重新站起来。7．Indianofficialssaidas_many_as1,900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.(教材P54)印度官方说，南部海岸多达1,900人遇难。8．Thousands_ofpeoplearestillmissing,andthenumberofdeathsis_expected_togroweven_higher_overthenextfewdays.(教材P54)数以千计的人仍然处于失踪状态，预计在接下来的几天死亡人数甚至将会继续上升。Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．Theboxer________alwayswinsworldchampionsisfromCanada.答案：who/that2．TheonlyreasonIwasdiviningforwaterwasbecauseofthe________(dry).答案：drought3．Theywere________(trap)intheburninghotellastnight.答案：trapped4．Withmoreforests________(destroy),hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.答案：destroyed5．Whenlifeletsyoudownandwhenitseemsthatyourworldisat________end,takecourageandmoveon.答案：an6．Themanwassoburied________thoughtthathedidn'tseethepoleontheroad.答案：in7．Cyclistsmustwearhelmetstoprotectthemselvesfrom________(injure)．答案：injuries8．Morethan70%ofthesurface________(cover)bywater.-5-答案：iscovered9．Iknowtheman________housewasdestroyedintheearthquake.答案：whose10．Theearthquakewassobigthatmostofthehousesinthesmallvillagewerecompletely________ruin.答案：inⅣ.开放型任务经过本单元的学习，你是否对一些自然灾害有了一定了解呢。请以小组陈述的形式，选择一种自然灾害向同学们普及该自然灾害的相关知识，比如成因、预防措施、预兆以及在面临灾害时有哪些逃生方法等。课外拓展阅读——中国优秀传统文化专题练阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Asastorygoes,EmperorQianlongoftheQingDynastybecameinterestedinthelocaldramaduringhisinspectionoftheSouthernChinaindisguise(伪装).__1__(celebrate)his80thbirthdayin1790,heorderedoperagroupsfromdifferent__2__(area)ofChinatoperformforhiminBeijing.After__3__celebration,fourfamousgroupsfromAnhuiProvincewereaskedtostay,foraudienceswere__4__(particular)satisfiedwiththeirbeautifulmelodies(旋律),colorfulcostumes__5__interestingfacialmakeups.GraduallyitreplacedKunquOpera,__6__hadbeenpopularinthepalaceandamong-6-theupperranksinBeijing.Later,somegroupsfromHubeiProvincecametoBeijingandoftenperformedtogether__7__theAnhuigroups.Thetwotypesofsingingblendedonthesamestageandgraduallygavebirthtoanewtypethat__8__(know)asPekingOpera.PekingOperaabsorbedvariouselementsofitsforerunners,suchassinging,dancingandacrobatics(杂技),andadapted__9__(it)inlanguageandstyleofsingingtoBeijingaudiences.Withtimegoingby,itspreadalloverthecountry,__10__(become)themostpopulardramainChina.Furthermore,PekingOperahasinf