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-1-SectionⅢGrammar——过去分词作定语和表语课前语法感知Ⅰ.教材语法感知教材原句①WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthegerms.②Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.③Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.④HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.⑤Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.⑥NicolausCopernicuswasfrightenedandhismindwasconfused.探究发现(1)例句①②③④中的过去分词(短语)在句中作定语。(2)例句①②③中为单个的过去分词作定语,常常放于被修饰名词的前面;例句④中过去分词短语作定语,常常放于被修饰名词的后面。(3)例句⑤⑥中的过去分词在句中作表语。Ⅱ.真题语法感知1.(2017·北京高考)Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime________(spend)withhisstudents.答案:spenttime和spend之间存在被动关系,故此处用过去分词作time的后置定语。2.(2016·浙江高考)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudy________(conduct)inAustraliain2012.答案:conductedstudy与conduct之间为被动关系,且设空处表示动作已完成,故用过去分词作后置定语。句意:回到水污染问题,我想让你们看一下2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。3.(2016·江苏高考)Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage________(hide)withinthework.答案:hidden设空处在句中作定语,message与hide之间为被动关系,且设空处表示动作已完成,故用过去分词形式。句意:在艺术评论中,你必须假定艺术家在作品中有一定的隐含信息。4.(2014·安徽高考)Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget________(promote),-2-Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.答案:promoted逻辑主语Henry和promote之间是被动关系,故使用过去分词。句意:亨利在等待获得升职机会的同时,尽力做好自己的本职工作。课堂合作探究过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析,过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性,可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。通常逻辑主语与过去分词所表示的动作之间存在被动关系,表示被动或完成。一、过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语的位置(1)前置定语:单个过去分词作定语时,一般放在所修饰词语之前。Therecoveredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.痊愈的动物会很快被释放。(2)后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。ThefilmWolfWarriorsⅡdirectedbytheactionstarWuJingisnowChina'stopgrossingfilm.=ThefilmWolfWarriorsⅡwhichisdirectedbytheactionstarWuJingisnowChina'stopgrossingfilm.由功夫明星吴京导演的《战狼2》现在成了中国票房收入最高的电影。名师点津(1)有些单个的过去分词,像left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等作定语时,放在所修饰的名词后面。如:moneyleft(剩余的钱),thepeopleconcerned(有关人士),thebookgiven(所给书籍)。(2)如果被修饰的词是由“every/some/any/no+thing/body/one”所构成的复合代词或指示代词those,these等时,即使一个单一的分词作形容词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面。Thereissomethingunsolvedbeforewecarryouttheplan.我们执行这个计划前,还有一些没有解决的事情。-3-2.过去分词作定语的功能和作用不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表示动作已完成,不表示被动意义;及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表示被动意义又表示完成意义,有时只表示被动意义。(1)只表示完成,不表示被动developedcountries发达国家fallenleaves落叶(2)只表示被动,不表示完成anhonouredgeneral一位受尊重的将军deeplymovedpeople深受感动的人们(3)既表示被动,又表示完成theplansupportedbymostpeople多数人支持的计划thebrokenglass碎了的玻璃杯名师点津现在分词作定语和过去分词作定语的不同:(1)现在分词多表示主动,而过去分词多表示被动。(2)现在分词表示动作正在进行,而过去分词通常表示动作已经完成。【即景活用1】(1)单句语法填空①Thereislittletime________(leave).Let'shurryup.②MrSmithhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime________(spend)withhisstudents.③Peopleshouldn'tbeexposedto________(pollute)water.答案:①left②spent③polluted(2)单句写作①________________________needsrepairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。②Thisnovelwasoncethe____________________bookinhighschoolsintheUnitedStates.这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书。答案:①Thebridgebuiltlastmonth②mostwidelyread二、过去分词作表语1.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的状态和特征,而被动语态则表示动作。“be+过去分词”表示状态时,是系表结构,此时分词通常已形容词化;表示动作时,-4-是被动语态,且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。Thecupisbroken.(系表结构,强调主语所处的状态)杯子碎了。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesister.(被动语态,强调主语所承受的动作)这个杯子是我小妹妹打碎的。2.过去分词作表语与动词ing形式作表语的区别:过去分词作表语表示被动或完成,即主语所处的状态;动词ing形式作表语表示主动或进行,或者说表示主语的特征。Shewasembarrassedbecauseshedidn'tknowtheanswer.她很尴尬因为她不知道答案。Today'smeetingwasboring.今天的会很无聊。ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.这本书非常有趣,我对它非常感兴趣。名师点津(1)过去分词作表语时,其连系动词不仅仅是be动词,get,remain,stay,seem等连系动词也可以后接过去分词(短语)作表语。Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.他似乎对这则消息感到很高兴。(2)过去分词作表语时所体现的是形容词的特性。Finallythebabyfelttiredofplayingwiththosetoys.最后那名婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。(3)注意下列每组词在作定语和表语时的区别:exciting/excited,interesting/interested,disappointing/disappointed,encouraging/encouraged,puzzling/puzzled,surprising/surprised,pleasing/pleased,confusing/confused,moving/moved,terrifying/terrified【即景活用2】(1)单句语法填空①Idon'treallyliketheauthor,althoughIhavetoadmithisbooksarevery________(excite).②Thosepoorandneedyteenagerswere________(excite)tofindashopatthecornerwheretheycouldbuyaffordablypricedbikes.③It's________(surprise)thatyourbrotherpickedupRussiansoquickly—hehasn'tlivedthereverylong.-5-④Shewas________(surprise)tofindthefridgeempty:thechildrenhadeateneverything.答案:①exciting②excited③surprising④surprised(2)单句写作①Hewas__________________________thattheyaskedhim.他被他们问的问题弄糊涂了。②Thewoman________________atthenews.那个女人对这个消息感到失望。③Thenovel____________________HanHan.这本小说是韩寒写的。答案:①confusedbythequestions②wasdisappointed③waswrittenby课后演练提能[基础题]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Thesalesgirlatlasthandledthedifficultcustomerandgavea________(satisfy)smile.答案:satisfied2.Shefeltsuretheletterhadsome________(hide)meaning.答案:hidden3.Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudy________(conduct)inAustraliain2012.答案:conducted4.(2017·浙江高考)Students,parentsandteachersare________(please)withtheresults.答案:pleased5.Thetelegram__________(send)bymysisterbroughtthenewsofmydeargrandma'sdeath.答案:sentⅡ.单句改错1.Itisveryencouragedtofindsomanypeopleattendingthemeeting.__________________________________________________________________答案:encouraged→encouraging2.Thewindowbeingbrokeninthestormhasnowbeenrepaired.-6-_____________________________
本文标题:2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Great Scientists Section Ⅲ
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