高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析

高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Tofightfortheconservationofforestecosystem,severalecologistsincludingDanielJanzenconvincedDelOro,anorangejuiceproducer,todonatepartoftheirforestlandtoanationalpark.Inreturn,DelOrowasallowedtothrowlargeamountsofwasteintheformoforangepeels(皮)ona3-hectarepieceoflandwithinthenationalparkatnocost.Dealingwithtonsofleftoverpeelsusuallyinvolvedburningthemorpayingtohavethempouredintoalandfill,sotheproposalwasveryattractive.Butayearlater,anotherjuicecompanychallengedthedealincourt,arguingthattheircompetitorwas“pollutinganationalpark”.Theyendedupwinning,andthedealbetweenDelOroandthenationalparkfellthrough.Thenin2013,whilediscussingpossibleresearchavenueswithTimothyTreuer,DanielJanzenmentionedtheorangestory.Feelinginterested,Treuerdecidedtostopbythatpieceoflandthathadbeencoveredwithfruitwaste15yearsearlier.Whathefoundshockedhim.“WhileIwouldwalkoverexposedrockanddeadgrassinthenearbyfields,I'dhavetoclimbthroughundergrowthandcutpathsthroughwallsofvines(藤)intheorangepeelsiteitself.”saidTimothyTreuer.Treuerandhisteamspentmonthspickingupsamples(样品),analyzingandcomparingthem.Theyfoundgreatdifferencesbetweentheareascoveredwithorangepeelsandthosethatwerenot.Theareawithorangewastehadrichersoil.Theeffectthattheorangepeelshadonthelandisprobablynotthatsurprisingtopeoplefamiliarwithcomposting(施肥),butwhatisreallyshockingisthatajudgeactuallythoughtthewasteoforange“mined”anationalparkandstoppeditfromgoingforward.NowthatTimothyTreuer'sstudyhasreceivedworldwideattention,thistypeof“ruining”isbeingseriouslyconsideredasawayofbringingforestsbacktolife.（1）WhatdidDelOrousuallydowithorangepeels?A.Addthemtofuel.B.Throwthemintoanationalpark.C.Bumorburythem.D.Makethemintocakes.（2）WhatcanweknowaboutthedealbetweenDelOroandthenationalpark?A.Itlasted15years.B.ItwassignedbyTreuer.C.Itwasmadeinabout1998.D.ItwasbrokenbyDelOro.（3）WhatwasTreuer'sfinding?A.Orangepeelscontainmuchfibre.B.Orangepeelscanmakesoilricher.C.Orangepeelsrotawayinashorttime.D.Orangewasteruinedthenationalpark.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthejudgementionedinthelastparagraph?A.Disapproving.B.Positive.C.Worried.D.Admirable.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了橘子皮对土壤的积极作用。（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句话Dealingwithtonsofleftoverpeelsusuallyinvolvedburningthemorpayingtohavethempouredintoalandfill,可知，之前处理橘子皮一般要烧掉或花钱请人掩埋掉。故答案为C。（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Thenin2013,whilediscussingpossibleresearchavenueswithTimothyTreuer,DanielJanzenmentionedtheorangestory.Feelinginterested,Treuerdecidedtostopbythatpieceoflandthathadbeencoveredwithfruitwaste15yearsearlier.可以推断出，15年前DelOro与nationalpark达成协议，往公园里倾倒橘子皮，但一年后由于其他果汁公司的挑战终止了。故答案为C。（3）细节理解题。根据文章第五段Theyfoundgreatdifferencesbetweentheareascoveredwithorangepeelsandthosethatwerenot.Theareawithorangewastehadrichersoil.可知，他们发现被倾倒过橘子皮的地土壤更丰富。故答案为B。（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段butwhatisreallyshockingisthatajudgeactuallythoughtthewasteoforange“mined”anationalparkandsloppeditfromgoingforward.可知，这位法官认为橘子皮毁坏了公园的发展，而作者在文中最后一句话thistypeof“ruining”isbeingseriouslyconsideredasawayofbringingforestsbacktolife.指出，研究表明，橘子皮实际上使森林恢复了生机，所以作者不赞成法官的观点。故答案为A。【点评】阅读理解细节题解题技巧：1）语义转换题--跳读查找法：根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。2）生活应用题--常识理解法：在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。3）细节排序题--首尾定位法：根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。4）寻找信息题--题干定位法：寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。2．阅读理解Forcingwaitersandwaitressestosurviveontipsfromcustomersratherthannormalwagesisapointless,crude,anduniqueAmericancustomthat,inthepastseveralyears,ahandfulofprogressiverestaurantownershaveattemptedtodoawaywith.DannyMeyer,CEOofUnionSquareHospitalityGroup,isabouttojointheirranksandhasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany's13restaurants.What,exactly,iswrongwithtipping?AsBrianPalmerhasexplained,moreorlessit'severything.Tostart,leavingawaiter'spayinthehandsofcustomershasafeelingofclassism(阶级歧视).Andintheory,handingrestaurantcustomersthepowertotipisatleastsupposedtomotivatebetterservice.Thisfailsinpracticebecausehumansturnouttobeprettyarbitrary(随意的)abouttheirtippingbehavior.Researchhasshownthattheamountdinerstiphasverylittletodowiththeirlevelofsatisfaction.Allofthisdoesn'tencouragewaitersandwaitressestodoanythingbutturnoverasmanytablesaspossible.Tippingisalsoveryunfairtokitchenstaff.Thelawallowsrestaurantstodividetipsbetweenfront-of-the-houseworkerslikewaiters,hosts,hostesses,andbartenders(调酒师),butnotcooks.Thiscreatesasysteminwhichthepeopleservingthefoodinarestaurantcanearnmorethanthepeoplepreparingit.OneofthemostfascinatingpartsofMeyer'smoveisthat,unlikesomerestaurantownerswhohavetakenananti-tippingstand,hewon'tsimplyaddastandardextrachargetodiners'bills.Rather,UnionSquareHospitalityGroupmeanstoraisemenupricesenoughtofullycoverthecostofameal.IfMeyermanagestomoveawayfromtippingatallwithouthurtinghisprofits,itwouldalmostcertainlysetthestageforotherstofollowsuit.（1）What'sDannyMeyer'sattitudetowardsstoppingtipping?A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Objective.D.Doubtful.（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Tippingmaydisturbtherestaurants'management.B.Tippingwillguaranteedinershighqualityservice.C.Tippingcanarous