转向本科毕业论文

哈尔滨工业大学本科毕业论文（设计）-I-基于TTC轮胎数据的FSAE赛车转向系统分析设计摘要在赛车运动中，轮胎对于赛车的运动性能至关重要。方程式比赛中有较多弯道，所以利用轮胎数据可以帮助赛车获得出色的弯道性能，并对比赛产生重大影响。侧向加速度较小的民用车一般使用阿克曼转向几何关系，但是赛车往往过弯速度较快，会使轮胎产生较大的侧向力和侧偏角。内侧轮胎载荷要比外侧轮胎载荷小，一般来说，轮胎载荷较轻的时候获得峰值侧向力所需的侧偏角较小。如是阿克曼几何结构，会迫使前内侧轮产生超过对应侧向力峰值所需的侧偏角，拖动内轮会使轮胎升温并降低车速。在赛车中，一般使用平行转向甚至反阿克曼转向。本文首先分析轮胎一般特性并选择轮胎，接着通过分析TTC轮胎测试数据，得到轮胎参数模型，进而用Matlab计算出所需的反阿克曼量，确定阿克曼百分比。再优化转向几何结构，得出转向梯形硬点。在Adams/Car软件中建立前悬挂模型，并进行仿真优化，确定转向几何结构。最后进行转向结构设计，用Catia软件进行转向系统的建模和装配。关键词：FSAE；赛车；转向系统；轮胎数据哈尔滨工业大学本科毕业论文（设计）-II-SteeringAnalysisandDesignofFSAERacingCarBasedonTTCTireDataAbstractInmotorsport,tiresforracingsportperformanceisessential.Becausetheformulahavemorecurves,sobythetiredatacanhelpracingtogetexcellentcorneringperformanceandsignificantimpactonthegame.LesslateralaccelerationofcivilianvehiclesgenerallyuseAckermannsteeringgeometry,butracingtendtocurvedmorequickly,willhavealargerlateralforceandslipangleontires.Insidewheelnormalloadissmallerthantheoutside,generallyspeaking,lessslipangleisrequiredatlighterloadstoreachthepeakofthecorneringforce.IfthecarhasAckermanngeometry,theinsidefronttireisforcedtoahigherslipanglethanrequiredformaximumsideforce.Draggingtheinsidetirealongathighslipanglesraisesthetiretemperatureandslowsthecardownduetoslipangledrag.Forracing,itiscommontouseparallelsteeringorevenreverseAckermann.Thisarticleanalysisthetirefeaturesandselectsthetire.ThenbyanalyzingtheTTCtiredata,gettiremodel,anduseMatlabtocalculatethecorrectamountofreverseAckermann,determinethepercentageofAckermann.Optimizedsteeringgeometry,determinehardpointoftheSteering.FrontsuspensionmodelestablishedintheAdams/Carsoftware,simulationandoptimization,determinethefinalsteeringgeometry.Finallyturnedtostructuraldesign,completewithCatiasoftwaretomodelingandAssembly.KeyWords：FSAE,RacingCar,Steeringsystem,TireData哈尔滨工业大学本科毕业论文（设计）-III-目录摘要.....................................................................................................................IAbstract.................................................................................................................II第1章绪论.........................................................................................................11.1研究的目的和意义.......................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状...........................................................................................11.3研究内容及技术方案...................................................................................21.3.1FormulaSAE及HRT车队简介.............................................................21.3.2研究内容和方法简介.............................................................................3第2章TTC原始轮胎测试数据分析.................................................................42.1轮胎特性简介...............................................................................................42.1.1侧向力与侧偏角.....................................................................................42.1.2轮胎载荷敏感性.....................................................................................72.1.3外倾效应................................................................................................82.1.4转向不足与转向过度.............................................................................92.2轮胎测试介绍.............................................................................................112.2.1FSAE轮胎测试联盟简介.....................................................................112.2.2轮胎测试的发展...................................................................................112.2.3Calspan轮胎研究所..............................................................................122.2.4轮胎测试内容.......................................................................................142.2.5轮胎的选择..........................................................................................172.3轮胎数据处理.............................................................................................172.4本章小结.....................................................................................................21第3章基于轮胎数据的转向几何设计............................................................223.1阿克曼转向几何关系.................................................................................223.1.1主销定位参数......................................................................................223.1.2阿克曼转向几何关系...........................................................................233.2计算最佳阿克曼百分比.............................................................................243.2.1简化的转向几何计算...........................................................................263.2.2精确的转向几何计算...........................................................................283.3转向梯形优化.............................................................................................32哈尔滨工业大学本科毕业论文（设计）-IV-3.3.1转向梯形结构概述...............................................................................323.3.2图解法求断开点位置...........................................................................333.3.3解析法求内外轮转角关系.............