句子成分讲解及练习

1英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习（一）英语句子成分：1.主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2.谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.3.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.4.宾语(object)：1）动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.5.宾补(objectcomplement)：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）2Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）6.主补(subjectcomplement)：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定语(Attribute)：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）8.状语(Adverbial)：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.动词种类速记：英语动词分四种，行为连系助动情。动作状态为行动，充当谓语有作用；连系动词有意义，不能独立作谓语，须与表语在一起，常用look，become，be助动词无意义，不能独立作谓语，时态、疑问和否定，do，be，will最常用情态动词must，can，may，表示语气和情态，人称与数无变化，动词原形跟着它。感官、使役动词：一感二听三使四看一感：feel二听：hear，listen三使：make，let，have四看：lookat，see，watch，notice3(二）句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋主语补语Sheishappy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.）练习一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.二、指出下列句中主语的中心词1.Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.2.Thereisanoldmancominghere.3.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.4.Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.三、选出句中谓语的中心词1.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall2.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer3.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus4.Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon5.Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast6.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.4A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework7.WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is8.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor9.Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music10.Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book四、挑出下列句中的宾语1.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.3.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.4.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?5.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.10.Theydidn'tknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.五、挑出下列句中的表语1.Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.2.WhyisheworriedaboutJim?3.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.4.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.5.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.六、挑出下列句中的定语1.TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.2.Whatisyourgivenname?3.OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.4.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.5.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.6.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!七、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语1.Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.2.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.3.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.4.TheycallmeLilysometimes.5