“情态动词+have-done”考点重难点归纳

“情态动词＋havedone”考点重难点归纳作者：佚名文章来源：嘉兴英语网点击数：440更新时间：2008-11-8“情态动词+havedone”的用法“情态动词＋havedone”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：1．should(oughtto)have＋过去分词表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“shouldnot／oughtnottohave＋过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。Mr.White_____at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’t’showup.（04’广西卷）A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving[解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr.White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。故答案选[A]。2．needn’thave＋过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事,但实际上做了某事。Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you_________havecomethismorning.(06’陕西卷)A.mayn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t[解析]Heneedn'thavecome，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选[D]。[注意]Hedidn'tneedtocomeyesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。3．musthave＋过去分词用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。[注意]对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’thave＋过去分词。Ihavelostoneofmygloves.I________itsomewhere.（05’北京春季）A.mustdropB.musthavedroppedC.mustbedroppingD.musthavebeendropped[解析]本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。I_______havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.（05’天津卷）A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't[解析]从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选[b]。4．may／mighthave＋过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。Wehaveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.(06’天津卷)A.needn’tB.maynotC.shouldn’tD.mustn’tKey:[b]5．can／couldhave＋过去分词表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能／也许已做了某事吗？”。---IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.---Oh,didyou?You＿＿＿＿withBarbara．(NMET’98)A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayD.musthavestayed巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。1．---Youdidn’twaitforMr.Smithlastnight,didyou?---No,butwe______.Hedidn’treturnhomeatall.A.couldn’thavewaitedB.needn’thaveC.didn’tneedtoD.shouldwait2．Harry______havewonthePhysicscompetitioneasilyyesterday,buthegaveup.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.must3．---MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Smithatsixo’clocktonight?”---“I’msorry,Mr.Smithtoaconferencebeforethen.”A.willhavegoneB.hadgoneC.wouldhavegoneD.hasgone4．---Tomtookawayourteacher’scellphonewithoutbeingpermitted.---Really?Ican’timaginethathe_______havedonesuchathing.A.mustB.mayC.canD.should5．---Wasityouthatmadethesuggestion?---Ithavebeen.Ican’tremember.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may6．Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I_________thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.needn'thavetakenD.mustn'thavetaken7．Hepaidforaseat,whenhe______haveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need8．Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustn’thavespokenB.mightn’thavespokenC.can’thavespokenD.shouldn’thavespoken9．---Hi,isthatPeterBrown?---Sorry.You______thewrongnumber.A.mustdialB.musthavedialedC.shoulddialD.shouldhavedialed10．Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They______atleast150kilometersanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedoneKeysforreference：1---5CAADD6---10CACBB高考“情态动词＋havedone”考点解析“情态动词＋havedone”结构是高考重要考点，也是较难掌握的语法项目之一，为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。考点之一：在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，即：would/could/should/mighthavedone。例如：Iftheyhadfinishedtheworkontime,theywouldhavebeenpraisedbythemanager.Ifyouhadworkedhard,youcouldhavepassedtheexamination.高考题分析：1.Ifit___forthesnow,we___themountainyesterday.(MET91)A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb2.---IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.---Oh,didyou?You___withBarbara.(NMET98)A.couldhavestayB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestay3.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfordiscussion,otherwise,she___somethingshewouldregretlater.(96上海)A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid答案简析：1.根据信息词yesterday可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中应该用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，故答案选C。2.本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：Ifyouhadn’tstayatahotelwhileinNewYork,youcouldhavestayedwithBarbara.表达了与过去事实相反的情况，答案选A。3.本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。表达了与过去事实相反的情况，故答案选D。考点之二：musthavedone表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，意思是“一定……、肯定……”。其否定形式分别用can’t/couldn’t和can/could。例如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。Shedidn’tattendthelessonyesterday.Shemusthavebeenill.她昨天没有上课，她一定是生病了。巩固练习：He____havecompletedhiswork,otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.(０５北京２６题)A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’tThiscakeisverysweet.You___alotofsugarinit.(05辽宁26题)Ａ.ShouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveput---Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisheabsenttoday?---Something___tohim.(05江西22题A.musthappenB.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappenedIwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They___atleast150kilometersanhour.(05重庆33题)A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedoneI____havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.(05天津14题)A.shouldn’tB.couldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t---DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.(05湖北32题)A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.wouldn’t1.Ididn’thearthephone.I____asleep.(MET89)A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen2.---Irangyourhomeyesterday.AmanansweredbutIdidn’trecognizethevoice.---On,it___mybrother,Peter.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.canhavebeenD.mightbe答案简析：1.关键词是didn’t，说明动作发生在过去，所以是对已经发生过的情况的推测判断