初中英语现在完成时课件

现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时的基本结构have/has+动词过去分词（has用于第三人称单数）过去分词的变化：(1)规则变化构成规则原形过去式过去分词一般在动词原形末尾加-edworkplayworkedplayedworkedplayed结尾是e的动词加-dhopelivehopedlivedhopedlived末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstoptripstoppedtrippedstoppedtripped结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-edstudyworrystudiedworriedstudiedworried不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律•AAA:put–put–putlet—let–let•ABA:become—became—become•ABB:stand—stood—stood•ABC:eat—ate—eatenAAA•cost-cost-costread-read-read•put-put-putcut-cut-cut•let-let-letset-set-set•hit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurt•原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。•特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee--e--e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词)ABC原型过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)I.写出下列动词的过去分词形式.1.wake______2.teach______3.sell________4.see________5.ride_______6.pay_____7.choose______8.throw_____9.think_______10.eat_____11.drive______12.catch______13.bring______14.break______15.give_______16.get_________17.know_______18.open_______19.write_______20.forget________wokentaughtsoldseenriddenpaidchosenthrownthoughteatendrivencaughtbroughtbrokengivengot\gottenknownopenedwrittenforgotten第一人称第二人称第三人称肯定句(主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词。)Ihavewrittenanarticle.Wehavewrittenanarticle.Youhavewrittenanarticle.Youhavewrittenanarticle.He/She/Ithaswrittenanarticle.Theyhavewrittenanarticle.否定句(主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词。)Ihaven’twrittenanarticle.Wehaven’twrittenanarticle.Youhaven’twrittenanarticle.Youhaven’twrittenanarticle.He/She/Ithasn’twrittenanarticle.Theyhaven’twrittenanarticle.一般疑问句(助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?)Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Hashe/she/itwrittenanarticle?Havetheywrittenanarticle?特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词？)Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathashe/she/itdone?Whathavetheydone?现在完成时的基本句型：（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答)Ihaveseenhimsincehisweddingday.→Ihaven’tseenhimsincehisweddingday.→Haveyouseenhimsincehisweddingday?→Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.•HehaswrittentomesinceIhavebeenill.(改否定句和一般疑问句)→Hashewrittentoyousinceyouhavebeenill?→Hehasn’twrittentomesinceIhavebeenillYes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.现在完成时的基本用法(一)表示在说话之前就已经完成的动作或存在的状态。它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系。常用的时间状语有already/yet/ever/never/just/before等.--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelightalready.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)现在完成时中时间状语的用法区别1.already在现在完成时中的用法肯定句:句中(助后实前)/句末“己经”一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.=I’vehadbreakfastalready.(表示强调)Haveyouhadbreakfastalready?注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Shehasalreadybeenlate.（现在完成时）Shewasalreadylate.（一般过去时）2.yet在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句末“还(没)”疑问句:句末“己经”Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,already要变成yet放在句末。Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.否定句:一般疑问句:Ihaven’tdonemyhomeworkyet.Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?3.ever在现在完成时中的用法肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”I’veeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?4.never在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句中“从来没有”I’veneverbeentoBeijing.注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”Hehasevermadedumplings.否定句:一般疑：Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnevermadedumplings.5.just在现在完成时中的用法用于句中,表示“刚刚”I’vejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?6.before在现在完成时中的用法用于句末,表示“以前”I’veseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?(二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。现在完成时的基本用法IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)1.for+Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.时间段2.since+从句(一般过去时)词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.since:(自…以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:•6.ShehasknownSam______nineyears.•(for,never,since)•7.Theyhave______arrived.•(ever,just,yet)•8.Haveyou_____riddenahorse?•(ever,for,yet)•9.Shehaskno