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语法互动(一)名词语法互动(一)┃名词中考考点1.正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。2.掌握可数名词复数的构成。3.掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。1.概述不可数名词:不能直接用数字计数的词。分为________(表示构成世上万物的物质或材料的名称的词,如water,wood,milk等)和________(表示性质、行为、状态、情感等抽象概念名称的词,如fun,happiness,health等)。必须要记住的不可数名词:物质名词抽象名词语法互动(一)┃名词考点一不可数名词语法互动(一)┃名词液体类water,milk,juice,orange,coffee,tea,coke,ink,rain,wine食物类meat,fish,chicken,beef,pork,mutton,rice,salt,sugar,porridge,bread语言类Chinese,Japanese,English,French,German,Russian材料类metal,paper,glass,grass,bamboo,cotton,silk,wool,wood,hair,plastic其他类snow,ice,wind,sunshine,news,music,weather,money,knowledge,homework,housework,teamwork,help,information,rubbish(waste),light,medicine2.不可数名词的量化表达(1)借助some,much,little,alittle,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等来表示。如:muchwater,someorangejuice,alittlemilk(2)借助容器来表示。如:一杯咖啡________________,十袋米________________(3)借助计量单位来表示。如:一张纸_________________,一片面包________________语法互动(一)┃名词acupofcoffeetenbagsofriceapieceofpaperasliceofbread3.既可数又不可数的名词有些名词既能用作可数名词,又能用作不可数名词,但意义不同。如:chicken—鸡(可数);鸡肉(不可数)room—房间(可数);空间(不可数)fish—鱼(可数);鱼肉(不可数)glass—玻璃杯(可数);玻璃(不可数)paper—试卷,报纸(可数);纸张(不可数)time—倍数,次数(可数);时间(不可数)work—作品(可数);工作(不可数)experience—经历(可数);经验(不可数)语法互动(一)┃名词1.规则名词复数的构成情况构成方法例词一般情况加-smap→mapsbag→bagsyear→years以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加-esbus→busesbox→boxeswish→wishesbeach→beaches语法互动(一)┃名词考点二可数名词以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i,再加-esstory→storiesfamily→familiesparty→parties以“元音字母+y”结尾的词直接加-sday→dayskey→keysmonkey→monkeys以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词无生命的加-s,有生命的加-esphoto→photostomato→tomatoespotato→potatoeshero→heroes语法互动(一)┃名词以“元音字母+o”结尾的词直接加-szoo→zoosradio→radioskangaroo→kangaroos以f或fe结尾的词大多数变f或fe为ve,再加-sknife→knivesleaf→leavesshelf→shelvesthief→thieves语法互动(一)┃名词2.不规则名词复数形式的构成语法互动(一)┃名词规则例词改变单数名词中的元音字母foot→feet;tooth→teeth;man→men;woman→women;policeman→policemen;policewoman→policewomen;Englishman→Englishmen单复数形式相同Japanese;sheep;Chinese只有复数形式trousers;glasses;clothes;people;pants其他mouse→mice;child→children[巧记]不规则名词单数变复数:①男女孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙。man→men;woman→women;child→children;foot→feet;mouse→mice;tooth→teeth②各国人变复数:中日不变英法变,其余加s。Chinese,Japanese单复数同形;Englishman,Frenchman中man变为men;其余各国人如German,American,Australian,Indian等均在后面直接加s。语法互动(一)┃名词3.名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成(1)名词作定语修饰名词时,复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。如:manyappletrees,boystudents(2)man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都变为复数。如:menteachers,womendoctors4.集体名词的数(1)集体名词是由若干个个体组成的集合体。如:family,class,team等,它们以单数形式出现,但实为复数。若他们强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。语法互动(一)┃名词MyfamilyarewatchingTV.我的家人正在看电视。Myfamilyisahappyone.我家是一个幸福的家庭。(2)有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people(人们),police(警察)等,如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如:语法互动(一)┃名词aperson(√)apeople(×)apoliceman/policewoman(√)apolice(×)②一名警察①一个人1.构成(1)有生命的名词的所有格的构成方法:①一般情况下在名词后加“'s”。迈克的小汽车______________________我妈妈的生日____________________②以s结尾的复数名词只加“'”。教师节____________________③不以s结尾的复数名词,直接在词尾加“'s”。如:妇女节____________________儿童节____________________Mike'scarmymother'sbirthdayTeachers'DayWomen'sDayChildren'sDay语法互动(一)┃名词考点三名词所有格(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of+表示无生命的物体的名词”构成。如:我们教室的一张照片___________________________一张中国地图____________________[注意]表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用's构成所有格。如:今天的报纸____________________世界人口____________________apictureofourclassroomamapofChinatoday'snewspapertheworld'spopulation语法互动(一)┃名词2.特殊用法(1)表示一件东西为两人或三人共有时,只需在最后一个名词后加“'s”,后面所跟名词用单数;表示各自所有时,则需在每个名词后加“'s”,后面所跟名词用复数。莉莉和露西共有的房间______________________莉莉和露西各自的房间______________________(2)表示“某人家”、“店铺”、“诊所”等处所。在李雷家atLiLei's在医生的诊所____________________在药店atthechemist's(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”。我父亲的一本书____________________我的一个朋友afriendofmine=oneofmyfriendsLilyandLucy'sroomLily'sandLucy'sroomsatthedoctor'sabookofmyfather's语法互动(一)┃名词用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1.Weshouldlearnfrom________(hero).2.________(leaf)turngreeninspring.3.Wouldyoulikesome________(milk)?4.________(teacher)DayisonSeptember10th.5.IthinkJackieChanisoneofthemostpopular________(actor).Ilikehimverymuch.6.Thetwo________(boy)jacketsareverynew.7.Heisafriendofmy________(sister).heroesLeavesmilkTeachers'语法互动(一)┃名词actorsboys'sister's8.Allthe________(woman)teachersarehappyonMarch8th.9.Thereareseveral________(library)inthecity.10.Herearesome________(photo)foryou.11.Those________(policeman)arelookingforthelostkids.12.Collectingstampsisoneofmy________(hobby).13.Many________(people)gotothebeacheveryweekend.14.Pleasefinishyourfood.Therearemanyhungry________(baby)intheworld,youknow.womenlibrariesphotospolicemen语法互动(一)┃名词hobbiespeoplebabies15.Herearefive________(bottle)of________(juice)foryou.16.Howmany________(day)arethereinaweek?17.Thedictionaryisnotmine,but_____________(XiaoZhou).18.Iwenttomy________(uncle)houseyesterday.19.Howmanytimesdoyoubrushyour________(tooth)everyday?20.Takeashortrestaftertwo________(hour)hardwork,andyouwon'tfeeltootired.bottlesjuicedaysXiaoZhou's语法互动(一)┃名词uncle'steethhours'
本文标题:初中英语专题:语法中的名词
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