初中英语专题-宾语从句

宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid（that）hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow（that）sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure（that）hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho（whom）theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如Iwanttoknowif（whether）helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether（if）Icouldhelphim.【宾语从句歌诀】宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。【歌诀解码】一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1.由that引导的宾语从句。如Weknew（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.2.由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.3.由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?二、三关1.引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2.语序关①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.3.时态关①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：Ihear（that）hewillcomebacknextweek.②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“MayIuseyourknife?”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives?四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.（时间状语从句）Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）五、从句的简化1.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.2.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?【中考范例】1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived（北京市中考试题）【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2.Wouldyoupleasetellme________?（上海市徐汇区中考试题）A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3.Idon’tknowwhen__________.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave（哈尔滨市中考试题）【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4.---Wedon’tknow_____________.---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.（常州市中考试题）A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。来练练吧！一、选择填空。（）1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid____________________.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring（）2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry（）3.Letmetellyou__________________.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar（）4.Peterknew_______________.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis（）5.Couldyoutellme___________?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein（）6.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen（）7.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft（）8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot（）9.Themanagercameuptosee__________.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter（）10.Heaskedhisfather_______.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen二、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1.“TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.”Tomsaid.Tomsaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”MyteachertoldMark.MyteachertoldMark_____light_______fasterthansound.3.“Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.”Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4.“CantheyspeakFrench?”Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5.“Arethechildrenplayinggames?”Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6.“Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?”Mr.GuoaskedSunJia.Mr.GuoaskedSunJia____________________homeworkyet.7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?8.Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9.“Whatd