技能高考英语专题：非谓语动词作定语的用法

非谓语动词作定语的用法一、考点透视考纲定位和能力要求:掌握动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词作定语时的区别知识内涵：非谓语动词在句中可以充当定语，修饰一个名词或代词具体用法如下：（一）动词不定式作定语1）Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.2)HeisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleaveHewasthebestmantodothejob.3)DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?表示将来被修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有abilitychanceideafactattemptbeliefwaypromise等。修饰序数词或形容词的最高级时[主意事项]1、不定式作定语永远放在所修饰词的后面。2、不定式和它前面所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和主语构成逻辑上的主动关系时，不定式常用主动形式。例如1）Ihavealotofworktodo.2)—MrSmith,doyouhavesomethingtobetyped?—No,thankyou.“havesthtodo”“主语有某事要去做”如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面应带有必要的介词。例Ihavegotachairtositon.（二）分词作定语1、及物动词的分词作定语doing（与被修饰名词之间为主动关系）beingdone（与被修饰名词之间为被动关系且正在进行）done（与被修饰名词之间为被动关系且完成）例如1Doyouknowtheboystandingunderthetree?2Thehousesbeingbuiltareforvillages.3Idon'tlikethenovelwrittenbyMary2、不及物动词的分词作定语：doing（表示正在进行）done（表示已经完成）例如：boilingwaterboiledwater例如：developingcountriesdevelopedcountries正在沸腾的水烧开了的水发展中国家发达国家（三）不定式tobedone，现在分词beingdone和过去分词done作定语的区别例如1Thequestiontobediscussedtomorrowisveryimportant.2Thequestionbeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.3Thequestiondiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant.不定式tobedone表“被动将来”现在分词beingdone表“被动进行”过去分词done表“被动完成”二、典型直击1、LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmails____forher.AwaitedBtowaitCwaitingDwaswaiting解题思路1寻找非谓语动词作定语所修饰的名词和代词2判断该名词或代词与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系C2Thewitness＿__bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.Aquestioned.Bbeingquestioned.CtobequestionedDhavingquestioned解题思路1判断被修饰名词或代词与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系2区分tobedone,beingdone,done时间上的差异A3Insomelanguage,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords_____indailyconversations.Ausing.Btouse.Chavingused.Dused4We'rehavingameetinginhalfanhour,Thedecision___atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.Atobemade.Bbeingmade.CmadeDhavingbeenmadeDA5.Volunteeringgivesyouachance____lives,includingyourown.AchangeBchangingCchangedDtochange6.Ihavealotofreadings____beforetheendofthisterm.AcompletingBtocompleteCcompletedDbeingcompleted解题思路找准题目中的关键词,确定是否为考查不定式作定语的情况.DB三，能力突破解答非谓语动词作定语的方法:1，确定考题是否为非谓语动词作定语;2，分析被修饰名词和代词（通常为空前的名词）与其非谓语动词之间的被动关系;若为主动，则可选择doing，todo；若为被动，则可选择性tobedone，beingdone，done3，分析时间究竟是过去，现在还是将来;4，考虑不定式作定语的几种情况.1Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf_____insomecorner.Astanding.Btostand.Cstands.Dstood2Theairport_____nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.Abeingcompleted.Btobecompleted.CcompletedDhavingbeencompleted3Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew___withallbyourselveseveryday.Adeal.Bdealt.Ctodeal.Ddealing4Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney____inthelibraryAdiscovered.Btobediscovered.CdiscoveringDhavingdiscovered5—Thelastone____paysthemeal.—AgreedAarrivedBarrived.Ctoarrive.DarrivingABCAC