高考卷-英语信息归集与命题预测

12017年高考英语全国卷信息归集与高考命题预测一、信息归集1．命题要求变化尽管2017年考纲说明变化细微，但2017年英语科高考命题将体现我国高考“一体四层四翼”的高考评价原则。基于高考真题研究和评价并综合我处和其他高考研究专家对2017年高考英语命题趋势做出提示，信息仅供参考。（1）命题形式：从考纲说明推断，第三部分第二节（语法填空）命题素材为短文形式。（2）考查方式：阅读理解推断题可能不仅限于简单推断类，而体现较高思维层次的推断。2．高考考情报告（1）命题选材丰富多样，体裁多样化。（2）命题素材体现教育意义，落实立德树人任务。（3）弘扬中华优秀文明，引导树立民族自信。（4）试卷追求严谨科学，全面考查语言能力。二、命题预测1．命题素材体现传统文化，在语境中考查知识命题规划重视语境设置，突出考查考生在不同语境下对词汇、句法和语篇的理解和运用能力。试题的语境化设计可体现在各种题型的设计中，特别是从2014年开始引入的新题型--语法填空，更加明显地体现了在语境中考查语法基础知识的特点。例题1：2017届全国100所名校最新高考模拟示范卷（六）语法填空Anumbrellaisafoldingclothcoversupportedbywoodenormetalribs(伞骨).Theword“umbrella”61(typical)referstoagreatinventionofChina,usedfor62(protect)fromrain.TheChinesecharacterforumbrellaisrelatedtotheshapeofarealone,63(resemble)themodernumbrellaindesign.Someinvestigatorshavesupposedthatitsinvention64(create)bytyinglargeleavestobranchy-likeribs.Othersadvocatethattheideaprobablycamefromthetent,65remainsunchangedinformtothepresentday.266useoftheumbrellawasoftenlinkedtohigh-rankinginancientChina.67atleastoneoccasion,twenty-fourumbrellaswerecarriedbeforetheEmperor68hewentouthunting.Theumbrella69(serve)inthiscaseasadefenseagainstrainratherthansun.TheChinesedesignwaslaterbroughttoJapanviaKoreaandalsointroducedtoPersiaandtheWesternworldviatheSilkRoad.TheChineseandJapanesetraditionalumbrella,often70(use)neartemples,remainssimilartotheoriginalancientChinesedesign.【语篇导读】本文素材涉及中国传统文化现象—伞的发明和发展，有利于引导考生树立文化自信。2．稳定保持素材的语言真实性学习语言和进行语言测试时，命题者会选取一些情景真实、语言地道的语言材料，这样才能够真正体会到该语言承载的文化。本着这一原则，命题者会尽力保持所选材料的“原汁原味”，同时结合考生的实际水平，按照考生水平进行适当简化。例题2：2017届全国100所名校单元测试示范卷高三英语卷（五）阅读理解CompanyName:MicrosoftFounder:BillGatesMicrosoft,ahouseholdcomputerbrandname,wasfoundedbyBillGatesandPaulAllen.BillGatesgotintoHarvardUniversity,butaftercompletingjustoneyearthere,Paulmanagedtoconvincehimintodroppingout,sothattheycouldfoundtheircompanyin1975.BillandPaulstruggledthroughthefirstfewyearstogetthemselvesestablished.However,theyfinallystruckgoldwiththeirMS-DOSoperatingsystem.CompanyName:Yahoo!Founders:JerryYangandDavidFiloNearly3yearsbeforepriortoGoogle,twoelectricalengineeringgraduatesfromStanfordUniversity—JerryYangandDavidFilo,createdawebsitecalled“JerryandDavid'sGuidetotheWorld3WideWeb.”Thesitewasmeanttobeadirectory(目录)forsearchingotherwebsites.Later,inMarchofthesameyear,theyrenamedtheirwebsiteto“Yahoo!”Duetobeingstrong-armedbyGoogle,thiscompanyhasbeenstrugglingforanumberofyears.Yet,itstillremainsoneofthelargestwebsitesintheworld.CompanyName:FacebookFounder:MarkZuckerbergWhileinhissecondyearattheHarvardUniversity(2004),Zuckerbergdecidedtobuildadatingwebsitetohelphisfellowstudentsconnectwitheachother.HecalledhiswebsiteFacebook.Rightfromthedayofitslaunch,Facebookstartedattractingmoreandmorememberseachday.Since2015,Facebookhasatotalof1.44billionactivemonthlyusers.CompanyName:GoogleFounder:LarryPageandSergeyBrinLarryPageandSergeyBrinwereresearchstudentsatStanfordUniversity,California.TheyfoundedtheircompanyGoogleinSeptember,1998.Today,theirGoogleisthemostpopularwebsearchengineofall.CompanyName:TimeMagazineFounder:BrittonHaddenandHenryLuceTimeMagazine,oneofthemostpopularmagazinesintheUS,waslaunchedin1923bytwoYalegraduatesBrittonHaddenandHenryLuce.TimewasthefirstAmericanweeklymagazine,andafteritslaunch,itsoonbecamewidelypopular.21.Whatisthesimilarityamongthesecompanies?A.AllofthemarerelatedtotheInternet.B.Allofthemwereborninthe20century.C.Allofthemwerefoundedbystudents.4D.Allofthemhavebeendevelopingsmoothly.22.Accordingtothepassage,whenwasYahoofounded?A.In1993.B.In1995.C.In1997.D.In1999.23.Thecompanywiththelongesthistoryis___________.A.MicrosoftB.Yahoo!C.GoogleD.TimeMagazine24.Whichcompaniesarecompetingagainsteachother?A.MicrosoftandYahoo.B.FacebookandGoogle.C.YahooandGoogle.D.FacebookandYahoo.3．试卷内容贴近生活，贴近时代，素材符合考生认知水平从历年的高考英语试卷可以看出，从试卷中的听力、完形填空、阅读和书面表达等，各部分的选材尽量体现以上原则。如果考生知识面较广，对这些内容的背景知识有一定程度的了解，会在阅读中占领先机。例题3：2017届全国100所名校单元测试示范卷高三英语卷（三）阅读理解Amongourgreatestachievementsistheaccumulatedtechnologicalculture--thetool-usingskillthatispassedfromonegenerationtothenext.ButasimilarobservationmightbemadeabouttheNewCaledoniancrow,theonlynon-humanspeciesassumedtopossessitsownaccumulatedtechnologicalculture.Howthecrowstransmit(传达)knowledgetoeachotheristhefocusofastudybyCorinaLogan,ajuniorresearchfellowatUCSantaBarbara'sSageCenter.Wedon'tknowhowtheylearn,andwedon'tknowwhetherthecrowsarepayingattentiontotheactionsofotherswhentheylearnfromsomeoneelse，saidLogan.Thecrowshavebeenobservedusingtoolsthey'vemadeoutoflong,narrowPandanusleavestodigwormsoutoflogs.Evenmorecurious,thecrowshavealsobeenobservedusingtoolsmadeofthesamematerialbutindifferentshapes--wide,narrowandstepped.However,noonehasbeenabletoexplainthegeographicvariationintoolshapes--allthreeshapesareseenatthesouthendofNewCaledonia,whilethesteppedtoolismorepopulareverywhereelse.It'sthoughtthatinorderfortoolshapestobetransmitted,onebirdwould5havetowatchanothercuttingtheleafandthenmimicthatbird'sactions.Logansaid.Inanexperiment,shefoundifonecrowsawacompanioninteractingwithaparticularareaofadevice,reachingitsbillthroughadoorandpullingoutapieceofboiled