机械制造技术基础课件-chapter3-section7-2012 (2)

2021/7/9SCUT13.7MachineToolMotionAnalysisThetermprocessroute(工艺规程)referstotheprocessplanningfileinwhichtheprocessandoperationmethodarespecified.Inanotherword,thesequenceofeachoperation,thepartdimensions,toleranceandtechnicalrequirement,technicalequipmentandmeasures,cuttingparameters,standardproductiontime,andlevelsofoperators’skillareallincludedintheprocessplanningfile.Lathe2021/7/92SCUTMillingMachine2021/7/93SCUTGrindingMachine2021/7/94SCUTDrillPress2021/7/95SCUTProcessofmilling2021/7/96SCUTProcessofgearshaping2021/7/97SCUTProcessofHobbing2021/7/98SCUTProcessofGear-Broaching2021/7/99SCUT3.7.1TypeofMachineTools3.7.2ClassificationofmachinetoolsIndex2021/7/910SCUT3.7.3ThemaintechnicalParametersofmachinetools3.7.4MotionanalysisofmachinetoolsKeywords•Nameofmachinetools:•Lathe(车床),Millingmachine(铣床),shaperorplaner(刨床),boringmachine(镗床),drillingmachine(钻床),screwthreadmachine(螺纹机床),broachingmachine(拉床),sawmachine(锯床),Grindingmachine(磨床):•Methodsofshapegeneration:•Turning,Taperturning(锥形车削),facing（端面车削）,upmilling(逆铣）downmilling（顺铣）,shapingorplaning(刨削),boring（镗削）,drilling（钻削）,coredrilling（中心钻）,counterboring（扩孔）,reaming（铰孔）,grinding,Knurling（滚花）,threading（螺纹车削）,Hobbing（滚切）,Gearshaping（插齿）,Gearshaving（剃齿）3.7.1TypeofMachineToolsItcanbedividedinto11types:Lathe（车床）、drillpress（钻床）、boringmachine（镗床）、grindingmachine（磨床）、gearmachine（齿轮加工机床）、screwmachine（螺纹加工机床）、millingmachine（铣床）、planemachine（刨床）、broachingmachines(拉床)、sawmachine（锯床）andothermachine.（2）Degreeofversatility：versatilemachine(通用机床)、specializedmachine(专门化机床)、special-purposemachine(专用机床).（3）Degreeofaccuracy：enginemachine(普通精度机床)、accuratemachine(精密机床)、high-accuratemachine(高精度机床).3.7.1TypeofMachineTools3.7.2DefinitionofMachineTools(1)Typecode,representedwiththefirstletterinitsChinesetypelatheDrillmachineBoringmachineGrindingmachineGearmachinescrewthreadmachineMillingmachinePlanemachineBroachingmachineSawmachineotherCodeCZTM2M3MYSXBLGQname车钻镗磨二磨三磨牙丝铣刨拉割其Table3.13.7.2DefinitionofMachineToolsVersatilityHighaccurateaccurateautomaticSemi-automaticnumericalMachiningcenterprofilinglightheavySimpleoreconomicalFlexiblemachiningunitNumericaldisplayHighspeedcodeGMZBKHFQCJRXS读音高密自半控换仿轻重简柔显速(2)Thecharacteristiccode,representedwiththefirstletterinChinese3.7.2DefinitionofMachineTools（3）GrouptypesandsequencecodeRepresentedwithArabnumber,theprecedingoneisforgroup,andthelateroneisforsequence.Thereare10groupsforeachtypeofmachinetools,representedwithnumberfrom0~9.Eachgroupcanbefurtherdividedintoseveralsequences.(Tab3.6)3.7.2DefinitionofMachineTools（4）Theprimaryparameter,designsequenceandsecondaryparameterTheprimaryparameterstandsforthestandardsizeofthemachinetools,representedwithadiscountvalue(折算数)inArabform(1/10or1/100).Thesecondaryparameterhasdifferentmeanings,suchasthespindlenumber,themaximumspanorworkpiecelengthetc,representedwiththesamewayasthatoftheprimaryparameter.3.7.2DefinitionofMachineTools2021/7/919SCUT机床主参数名称折算系数卧式车床床身上最大回转直径1/10立式车床最大车削直径1/100摇臂钻床最大钻孔直径1/1卧式镗床镗轴直径1/10坐标镗床工作台面宽度1/10外圆磨床最大磨削直径1/10内圆磨床最大磨削孔径1/10矩台平面磨床工作台面宽度1/10齿轮加工机床最大工件直径1/10龙门铣床工作台面宽度1/100升降台铣床工作台面宽度1/10龙门刨床最大刨削宽度1/100插床及牛头刨床最大插削及刨削长度1/10拉床额定拉力（t）1/1Table3.7Lordparametersandconversioncoefficients（5）Thesequentialnumberofimportantimprovementofmachinetools,ChoosealetteraccordingtothesequentialorderofA、B、C……3.7.2DefinitionofMachineToolsCA6140PrimaryParameter（Max.D400mm)Sequentialcode(horizontal)Groupcode(groundhorizontal)characteristiccode(structureimprovement)TypecodeForexample:CA61403.7.2DefinitionofMachineToolsForexample:MG1432A•MG1432ATypecode(grindingmachine)characteristiccode(accurate)Groupcode(externalcylindrical)Sequentialcode(versatile)PrimaryParameter（Max.D320mm)FirstSignificantimprovement3.7.2DefinitionofMachineTools2021/7/9SCUT23CodeforSpecialmachinetool3.7.3MaintechnicalParametersofmachinetools3.7.3.1DimensionsDimensionsofmachinesusuallyrefertothechiefstructureofthemachines.Theprincipalparametersofmostmachinesaredimensions.Butthetermofdimensionsmayincludeotherdimensionsbesidestheprincipalparameters,suchasthemaximumrotatingdiameterormaximumstockdiameterallowable,themaximumworktablestrokeandetc.3.7.3.2Motions(1)Characteristicsofthemainmotion①SpindleSpeed,itisthemainmotionforrotationalmachinetoolsSpindlespeedn(r/min);Cuttingspeedν(m/min);Workpieceortooldiameterd(mm).Forthemachinethatmovesinstraightline,suchasplanersandshapers(牛头刨床),theparameterofthemainmotionisthereturntimesinoneminute.dn1000②Definitionofnminandnmaxofthespindlemaxminmin1000dnminmaxmax1000dn(3.2)TherangeofthespindlespeedminminmaxmaxminmaxdvdvnnRn3.7.3.2Motions③ThespeedsequenceoftheprincipalaxisAcertainspeedofthespindleunderstepvariationisasbellow:jjnn111zznn(3.4)Understeplessspeedchanges,thespeedcanbeanydesiredvaluewithintherange.Butunderstepspeedchange,afterthespeedrangeisdetermined,thespeedgrademustbedeterminedfurthersoastodecideadefinitespeed3.7.3.2Motions④StandardindesignUsually,thestandardof1.06isrecommended,fromwhichthefollowingstandardcanbederived1.06、1.12、1.26、1.41、1.58、1.78、22021/7/928SCUT1.061.121.261.41