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Chapter4MachineToolsandMachiningOperationsforrotationalpartsAbstractMachinepartsarebasicallyseparatedintotwo:rotationalpartsandnon-rotationalparts.Thischapterwillfocusontherequiredmachinetools,cuttingtoolsandmachiningoperationsforrotationalparts.Thelathesandlathecuttingtools,includingmainmechanismofCA6140andthestructureofturningtoolsareintroduced.Inthesametime,theworkprincipleofthemachiningmethodsofgrinding,somehole-producedmachinesandcuttingtools,arealsointroduced.machiningofrotationalparts(a)TrackMachining(b)formingmethodKeywords•Nameofmachinetools:Lathe(车床),screwthreadmachine(螺纹机床),Grindingmachine(磨床),boringmachine(镗床),drillingmachine(钻床),broachingmachine(拉床).•Methodsofshapegeneration:Turning,Taperturning,boring(镗孔),drilling,coredrilling(扩孔),counterboring(锪孔),reaming(绞孔),grinding,Knurling(滚花),threadingLatheGrindingMachineDrillPress仪表车床工作实拍录像.flv纵切车床自动车床数控车床内外螺纹割槽钻孔搪孔攻丝切断.flv德玛吉DMGCTXgamma2000TCGILDEMEISTER加工中心数控机床.flv津上精密数控磨床加工_halfok.flv双工作台龙门钻床.flv4.1Lathesandlathecuttingtools4.2Grindingmachines4.3HolemakingmachinetoolandcuttingtoolIndex4.4Processanalysisofrotationalparts4.1LatheandLatheCuttingTools4.1.1turningoperationLatheismainlyusedtoproducepartsinroundshape.Itremovesmaterialbyrotatingtheworkpieceagainstasingle-pointcutter,whilethelatterfeedslinearly.Operationsthatcanbeperformedonalathe:a).Straightturningb).Taperturningc).Profilingd).Facinge).Turningandexternalgroovingf).Facegroovingg).Formcuttingh).Boringi).Drillingj).Cuttingoffk).Threadingl).KnurlingLet’stakeCA6140latheastheexample.Itisverytypicalamongthecommonlathes.TypicalmachiningbylatheTypesoflathe:1.普通车床、落地车床;(Enginelathe/groundlathe)2.立式车床;(Verticallathe)3.转塔(六角)车床;(Turretlathe)4.多刀半自动车床;(Semi-automaticlathe)5.仿形车床及仿形半自动车床;(Profilinglathe)6.单轴自动车床;(single-axisautomaticlathe)7.多轴自动车床及多轴半自动车床;(Multi-axisautomaticlathe)8.专门化车床。(special-purposelathe)CA6140型普通车床外形图(3)ThemainstructureofCA6140①HeadstockMainfunctions:Supporting,driving,stopping,changingdirection,braking,andchangingthespeedoftheprincipleaxis,andtransferringthemotionfromtheprincipleaxistothefeedsystem.Mainmechanismandparts:theunloadbeltcarrier,bi-directionalmulti-chipfrictionalclutchandspeedchangeoperatingmechanism.TheHeadstockstructureofCA6140②Apron(溜板箱)Mainfunctions:transferthefeedorrapidmovementmotionfromfeedboxorquick-movedmotortothecarriage,andmakethecarriagemovelongitudinallyandtransversallyinpositiveornegativedirection.Themainmechanism:apairofhalfnuts,feedmechanisminlongitudinalandtransversaldirection,operatingmechanismforquickmove,lockmechanism,safeclutch.4.1.2TypesandthemaintechnicalParametersofLathemaintechnicalParametersofLathea)Max.diametertobeturnedb)Maximumdistancebetweenheadstockandtailstockc)Powerofmainmotord)MaximumrotationspeedthetypesofLathea)copyinglatheb)automaticlathec)threadcuttinglathed)turretlathee)CNCLathe机床可加工最大尺寸(m)功率(kW)最高转速(rpm)车床回转(直径/长度)台式车床(bench)0.3/113000普通车床3/5704000砖塔车床0.5/1.5603000自动螺纹车床0.1/0.32010,000镗床(工件直径/长度)立式镗床4/3200300卧式镗床1.5/2701000钻床台钻和立钻0.11012,000摇臂钻3数控钻(工作台移动)4OtherLathesturretLatheCNCLatheAccuracyofeconomicalmachiningbyturning4.1.4lathecuttingtoolmaintypesofturningtool1-facingcutter;2-profilingcutter;3-groovingcutter;4-externalcylindricallathecutter;5-threadingcutterItisusedtomachineroundparts,innerholes,endsurface,thread,andtooth.Themaintypesareshownas:4.1.4lathecuttingtoolSTRUCTUREOFTURNINGTOOLa)外圆车刀b)端面车刀c)切断刀d)内孔车刀e)圆头f)螺纹车刀工件材料高速钢硬质合金前角副前角后角副后角主副偏角前角副前角后角副后角主副偏角铝镁合金201512105055515铜合金510885055515钢10125515-5-55515不锈钢58~105515-5-0-5~55515高温合金0105515505545耐火合金020555005515钛合金055515-5-5555铸铁5105515-5-55515热塑塑料0020~3015~20100020~3015~2010热固塑料0020~3015~20100155515Lathetoolcanbedivideintointegralturningtool、weldedtool、clampedtoolandrotation-abletoolaccordingtothestructure.Classificationandcomparisonofturningtool:weldedtoolAdvantage:simplestructure、compact;rigidity、shockresistance;easytoproduceanduse.disadvantage:worsecapabilityofcutting、non-recycledtoolbar、longersetuptime.A1型直头、弯头外圆、内孔、宽刃车刀A2型端面车刀、内孔车刀(盲孔)A3型90º偏刀、端面车刀A4型直头外圆、端面车刀、内孔车刀A5型直头外圆车刀、内孔车刀(通孔)A6型内孔车刀(通孔)B1型燕尾槽刨刀B2型圆弧成形车刀C1型螺纹车刀C3型切断、车槽车刀C4型带棱边车槽刀D1型直头外圆车刀、内孔车刀Thetoolgrooveofweldingturningtool1—toolshank2—clamingdevice3---toolblade4---toolseatrotationabletoolAdvantage:longtoollife,highefficiency,helptospreadnewtechniqueandtechnologyandlowertoolcost.Attention:position(accurateornot),clamping(secureornot),chipflow(smoothornot),changeandsetup(easyornot)a)上压式机夹车刀b)切削力自锁车刀c)弹性夹紧式割刀d)侧压立装式重切车刀e)削扁销机夹螺纹车刀f)弹性夹紧式机夹刨刀ClampedturningtoolClampedturningtoolformingtoolAdvantage:recycledtoolbar,longtoollifeAttention:position(accurateornot),clamping(secureornot),chipflow(smoothornot)Advantage:highefficiency,easytouseAttention:difficulttoproduce,highertoolcost4.1.5lathefixturesorturningfixtures1—lathechuck2—lathedog3---flange4---centeringshaft图35-4圆盘式车床夹具1—过渡盘2—夹具体3—分度盘4—T形螺钉5、9—螺母6—菱形销7—定位销8—压板10—对定销11—平衡块顶尖式心轴1—心轴2—固定顶尖套3—工件4—活动顶尖套5—快换垫圈6—螺母
本文标题:机械制造技术基础课件-chapter4-section1
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