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1状语从句【考试重点】1.时间状语从句2.让步状语从句一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词和词组主要有when,whenever(不论什么时候),while,as,before,after,since,till,until,once(一旦,曾经),everytime(每次),eachtime(每次),hardly…when(一…就),scarcely…when(一…就),nosooner…than(一…就),assoonas,theinstant(一…就),themoment(一…就),theminute(一…就),thesecond(一…就).1.when,while,as1)从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as,不用when或while。Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。2)When有时候可以用作并列连词,表示“就在那时”。【例1】Ihadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothes___Iheardvoices.A.asB.whenC.afterD.while【例2】Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave___somethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.while3)while也可以用作并列连词,相当于whereas(然而)。YoulikesportswhileI’dliketoread.你喜欢体育,而我喜欢读书。4)while有时也可以引起一个让步状语从句,等于although。Whilehelikeshisdaughter,heisstrictwithher.尽管他很喜欢自己的女儿,但对她要求非常严格。2.until和till1)这两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”,动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。Isleptuntilmidnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。Shedidn'tarriveuntil6o'clock.她直到6点才到。2)Not…until的变形(1)Notuntil放在句首,主句用倒装【例句】Notuntilmostofthepeoplehadlefttheairport______hissisterwasthere.A.thathesawB.hadheseenC.didheseeD.thathehadseen(2)notuntil还可用于强调结构Itisnotuntil...that…中。ItwasnotuntilIbegantoworkthatIrealizedhowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到开始工作,我才认识到我浪费了多少时间。23.表示“一…就…”的结构1)assoonas,hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than都可以表示“一…就…”的意思。例如“我一到家就开始下雨。”可以有下列表达方式:Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantorain.如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构。Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.2)词组themoment/theminute/theinstant/thesecond也可以引导时间状语从句表示“一…就…”。Theenemyplanewasshotdownthemomentitenteredourspace.敌机一进入我们的领空就被我们击落了。在名词短语做连词引导时间状语从句时,要与名词构成的其它短语相区别。如:【例句】Youseethelightening___ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.A.theinstantB.foraninstantC.ontheinstantD.inaninstant4.before1)before作为连词时的基本意义是“在……之前”,用于表示时间或顺序。如:Turnthelightoffbeforeyousleep.睡前先把灯熄掉。Thinkbeforeyouspeak.说话之前,应先想清楚。2)before的特殊用法(1)before表示“(过了很长时间)才”(强调从句动作发生得晚或慢)【例句】TheysailedalongthePacificOceanfortwoweeks______theyarrivedhome.A.sinceB.whenC.beforeD.after(2)before用于itwas/willbe+时间+before...句型中【例句】Itwon’tbelong______youregretwhatyouhavedone.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.until二、地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由连接副词where,wherever等引导。【例句】Putit_______wecanseeit.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.there注意:地点状语从句的固定句型:“Where+地点从句,(there)+主句…”。此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”。主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。【例句】________theCommunistPartyofChinagoes,therethepeopleareliberated.A.WhereB.WhichC.WhoD.Whatever3三、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的引导词主要有because,as,since(既然),now(that)(既然),seeing(that)(既然),considering(that)(考虑到,因为),inthat(因为)等。【例1】____youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.A.ForB.SinceC.BeforeD.While【例2】____thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.A.ForB.NowC.SinceD.Despite【例3】Rubberdiffersfromplastics________itisproducednaturallyandnotinthelab.A.atthatB.inthatC.forthatD.withthat四、条件状语从句连接词主要有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat(条件是),providing/provided(that),incase(假如),giventhat(假定,如果考虑到),onlyif(只要…就),ifonly(但愿,只要…就好了)等。if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。provided(that)表示唯一的条件,相当于ifandonlyif,onconditionthat,意思是“只要”。【例句】Youwillbelate___youleaveimmediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or五、让步状语从句引导让步状语的引导词主要有though,although,evenif(though)(即使),as(尽管),while(尽管),whether…or(不管….还是),what/which/when/how/who+ever(不论什么、哪个、何时、怎样、谁),nomatter+what/which/when/how/who(不论什么、哪个、何时、怎样、谁),forall(that)(尽管),inspiteofthefactthat(尽管),despitethefactthat(不管)1)though,although引导的让步状语从句,后面的从句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用。Althoughit'sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。It'sraining,buttheyarestillworkinginthefield.虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。Thoughthesorebehealed,yetascarmayremain.伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。2)as引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前,可提至句首的有名词、原形动词、副词、形容词等。可数名词单数形式不用冠词。如:Childasheis,hebehaveslikeagrown-up.Failashedid,hewasnotdisappointedatall.【例句】_____,hefelttiredoutafterthelongjourneyforeighthours.A.StrongasheisB.ThestrongerheisC.StrongmanthatheisD.Forheisstrong3)evenif,eventhough“即使”4【例句】________youdisagreewithher,herideaisstillworthconsidering.A.EvenifB.IfonlyC.InsteadofD.Despiteof4)whether…or…不管……都。例如:Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.信不信由你,这确实是真的。5)“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”引导让步状语从句,意思是“不管…”。nomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterhow=however【例句】_______,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis注意:“nomatter+疑问词”不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。(错)Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.(对)Whateveryousayisofnousenow.你现在说什么也没用了。(Whateveryousay是主语从句)(错)Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey'regiven.(对)Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey’regiven.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。六、方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as…so…,asif,asthough引导。1)as,(just)as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just)as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是“正如…”,“就像”,多用于正式文体。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2)asif,asthough两者的意义和
本文标题:学位英语复习资料:语法--三
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