2015年职称英语考试卫生类：补全短文

。“She’sverygoodaboutit”saysherfatherDavid.LaniisalivetodaybecauseofherfatherDavid，inmorethanoneway;whenshewasoneyearoldshereceivedpartofherfather’sliverinaliver—transplantoperation.Laniwasbornwithaliverillness.__________(46)Doctorsadvisedthatatransplantwastheonlywayinwhichshewouldlive.Theoperationlasted12hoursandneededtwoteams，oneforthefatherandoneforthedaughter__________(47)Inthesecases，thedonor’slivergrowstonormalsizeinabouteightweeks。andt11echild’sliverbecomessmaller.Lanispentthreeweeksinhospitalaftertheoperation.Becausethereceiver’sbodytriestorejecttheneworgan，thepatienthastobegivenspecialdrugs__________(48)AlthoughDavidlefthospitalafter10days，hedidn’treturntoworkuntilafterthreemonths.Inordertoreachtheliver,thedoctorshavetocutthroughthestomachwall，whichisstrongandfullofmuscle.Itthereforetakesalongtimetorecoverafterthisoperation.__________(49)Sofar，only16oftheseliver—transplantoperationshavebeencarriedoutinBritain.__________(50)Doctorssay,“Ifpossible，weprefertotakealiverfromadeaddonnot,usuallyaparent.”，andshegetsmoretiredthanotherchildrenofthesameage，butdoctorshopethatshewillcontinuetogetstrongerandstronger.AShehadoneoperationwhenshewassixweeksold，whichwasnotsuccessful.BWhilethesedrugsaregiven，itisimportantthatthepatientdoesnotcatchanyillness，notevenacold.CInthisoperationapieceofliver,weighingabout250--300grams，wasremovedfromthefatherandtransplantedintothedaughter.DDavidquicklyrecoveredfromtheoperation.EHowever,theyaremorecommoninNorthAmericaandJapan.FDavidwasfinallyabletoridehisbikeagainafteraboutayear.答案46A47C48B49F50Esupermarketisatypeofretailinginstitutionthathasamoderatelybroadproductassortmentspanninggroceriesandsomenonfoodlines,thatordinarilyemphasizespriceineitheranoffensiveordefensiveway.asamethod,supermarketretailingfeaturesseveralrelatedproductlines,ahighdegreeofself-service,largelycentralizedcheckout,andcompetitive(1)____.thetermsupermarketusuallyreferstoaninstitutioninthegroceryretailingfield.mostsupermarketsemphasizeprice.someusepriceoffensivelybyfeaturinglowpricesinordertoattractcustomers.othersupermarketsusepricemoredefensivelybyrelyingonleaderpricingtoavoidapricedisadvantage.sincesupermarketstypicallyhaveverythingrossmargins,theyneedhighlevelsofinventoryturnovertoachievesatisfactoryreturnsoninvestedcapital.supermarketsoriginatesintheearly1930s.theywereestablishedbyindependents____(2)____.supermarketswereanimmediatesuccess,andtheinnovationwassoonadoptedbychainstores.inrecentdecadessupermarketshaveaddedvariousnonfoodlinestoprovidecustomerswithone-stopshoppingconvenienceandtoimproveoverallgrossmargins.todaystoresusingthesupermarketmethodofretailingaredominantingroceryretailing.however,differentnamesareusedtodistinguishtheseinstitutions____(3)____:asuperstoreisalargerversionofthesupermarket.itoffersmoregroceryandnonfooditems____(4)____.manysupermarketchainsareemphasizingsuperstoresintheirnew(warehousestores,gourmetshops,meatandfishmarkets,andconveniencestores).supermarketshavereactedtocompetitivepressures____(5)____:somecutcostsandstressedlowpricesbyofferingmoreprivatebrandsandgenericproductsandfewcustomerservices.othersexpandedtheirstoresizeandassortmentsbyaddingmorenonfoodlines(especiallyproductsfoundindrugstores),groceriesattunedtoaparticularmarketarea(foodsthatappealtoaspecificethnicgroup,forexample),andvariousservicedepartments(includingvideorentals,restaurants,delicatessens,financialinstitutions,andpharmacies).abysizeandassortmentbthanaconventionalsupermarketdoes:CFABEWhatwouldyouSeeifyoutookacruisetotheCartbbeanIslands?Palmtreesandcoconuts(椰子)?Whitebeachesandclear，blueocean?Colorfulcorals(珊瑚)andevenmorecolorfulfishesandbirds?YoubetTherearethousandsofislandsintheCaribbeanSea.Theyarefamousfortheirwarm，tropicalclimateandgreatnaturalbeauty.TheCaribbeanIslandsformachainthatseparatestheCaribbeanSeafromtherestofmeAtlanticOcean，Someoftheislandswereformedbytheeruption(爆发)ofancientvolcanoes(火山)______(1)TheCaribbeanIslandsareknownbyseveralnames._____(2)TheexplorerChristopherColumbuscalledtheislandstheIndiesin1492becausehethoughthewasnearthecoastofIndia.Later,SpainandFrancecalledtheislandstheAntilles.Therearefourlargeislan