PragmaticAnalysisonEuphemism

学号:240811XXX页边距：上2.5cm，下2.5cm，左2.5cm，右2.5cm，装订线（左）0.5cm毕业论文题目：PragmaticAnalysisonEuphemismandItsImplicatureforTranslation院系：外国语学院专业：英语（国际经济与贸易方向）姓名：xxx指导教师：xxx完成日期：2009年4月1日IAbstractInthecommunicatingchainbetweentheauthor,translatorandreader,thetranslatoractsasanintermediary,orasthereceiverandspeaker/writersimultaneouslyinthecommunicationtriangleintermsofpragmatism.Basedontheprinciplesofpragmatism,thisthesisaimstodiscussthepragmaticelementsofeuphemismbystudyingtheformation(writer/speaker)andreceipt(receiver).Itexploresfirstthereasonswhythespeakerorwriteruseseuphemismandtheprinciplestheymightobservewhenusingit;thenthethesiscontinuestodiscussthepragmaticinferenceofeuphemisms,withitsemphasisonhowthetranslatorunderstandseuphemism.Attheendofthethesis,considerationsandpossiblesuggestionsfortranslatingeuphemismsaregivenoutforreaders’reference.Keywords:euphemism；pragmaticprinciplesII摘要在原作者，译者，读者的关系链中，译者处于一个中介人的位置，从语用学角度分析，其实也就是同时处于交际三角中的“受众”与“写作者/演讲者”的两角。本文拟用语学中的基本原理，从委婉语这一修辞格的形成（写作者/演讲者）和接受（受众）这两极出发，探讨与委婉语相关的语用因素，即写作者/演讲者使用委婉语的目的和原则以委婉语受众如何理解委婉语的深层含义，着重探讨译者在翻译过程中如何理解并翻译委婉语。关键词:委婉语；语用学理据iCONTENTSIntroduction·················································································1ChapterOneThePurposeandPrinciplesofUsingEuphemisms···2I.Thepurposeofusingeuphemism····················································21.Ineffablepurpose································································22.Urbanizationpurpose····························································33.Palliativepurpose································································3II.Theprincipleforusingeuphemisms···············································41.Cooperativeprinciple···························································42.Politenessprinciple······························································53.Self-defendingprinciple························································6ChapterTwoPragmaticAnalysisontheReceiverofEuphemisms···7I.Pragmaticinference···································································7II.Oneofthemajorfactorsaffectingpragmaticinference··························8ChapterThreeFactorsforConsiderationinTranslatingEuphemisms··············································10I.Stylisticfactor·······································································10II.Rhetoricfactor·······································································10III.Contextualfactor···································································11Conclusion·················································································13Bibliography··············································································14Acknowledgements·····································································15–1–IntroductionAsapopularfigurativespeech,euphemismsarewidelyusedinbothChineseandEnglishliteralworks,newspapersandmagazines;soareinourdailylife(何善芬,2002).InChinese-EnglishorEnglish-Chinesetranslation,theproperrenderingofeuphemismsisanimportantfactor.However,traditionalstudyofrhetorichaslongbeenlimitedtothemodelof“definition+examples+analysis”andhardlyhavemanybreakthroughsbeenseen(宗延虎，2002).Butinfact,rhetoricisaboundarydisciplinewithcloserelationswithsemantics,pragmatics,logics,sociologyetc.Therefore,itcanbeanalyzedindifferentcorrespondingaspects.Inessence,figuresofspeechfallintothecategoryofthedynamicandtwo-waycommunicatingactivity,e.g.apragmaticactivity.Basedontheprinciplesofpragmatism,thispaperaimstodiscussthepragmaticelementsofeuphemismbystudyingtheformation(writer/speaker)andreceipt(receiver).Itemphasizeshowthetranslatorunderstandsandtranslateseuphemismduringthetranslationprocess.–2–ChapterOneThePurposeandPrinciplesofUsingEuphemismsAccordingtoOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglis—ChineseDictionary/Webster’sNewCollegiateDictionary,euphemismisakindoffigurativespeechwhichemploystheuseofothers,lessexactbutmilderorlessblunt,wordsorphrasesinplaceofwordsrequiredbytruthoraccuracyandthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Inthelightofpragmatism,euphemismisinfactindirectspeech,e.g.thespeakerisindirectinexpressinghis/herview.Thefollowingistheauthor’sanalysisonthepurposeandprincipleofthisindirectspeech.I.ThepurposeofusingeuphemismsAccordingtoLiGuonan(李国南,2001),rhetoricisgenerallyaninstrumentinspeakingorwriting;however,asafigurativespeech,euphemismismoreapurposethananinstrument.Inusingeuphemism,wetendtolaymoreemphasisonitspurpose,oritsexpressiveeffect.Incommunication,thepurposesofusingeuphemismsusuallyincludethefollowingthree:…1.IneffablepurposeEuphemismshavealargebearingontaboosinlanguage.Languagetaboosstemfrompeople’serroneousunderstandingoftherelationsbetweenlanguageandobjectiveworld.Inreality,peopletendtouseeuphemisticexpressionstoreplacethosethingsthatwouldarousefearorpanicinmind.Forexample,peoplealwaysabstainthemselvesfromdirectmentionofsuchwordsas“die,old,sick”;therefore,euphemismisquiteabundantinthisaspectofnaturalphenomenon.Theauth