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1I.Negotiatingatopic1.followingpersonalinterests(takingpossibilityandfeasibilityintoconsideration)2.talkingwithotherpeople(theirfeedbackmighthelpyoutodevelopanideaforapromisingresearchtopic)2.1instructors2.2peerstudents2.3friends3.brainstorming(forinspirationorideasthatspontaneouslycomeintoyourmind)4.readingsourcematerial4.1encyclopedias4.2books(Thetableofcontentscanbeofgreathelpandcansaveyourtimetolocatetheinformationyouwant.)4.3periodicalindexes4.4internetresourcesII.thingstoavoidintopicselection1.avoidatopicwhichistoobroad2.avoidatopicwhichistoonarrow3.avoidatopicwhichisinappropriatelytechnicalIII.Narrowingdowntheresearchtopic1.consideringtheaudience22.workingoutapreliminarythesis3.consideringtheavailablesourcematerialsIV.TitleIncludethetopicofthestudyIncludethescopeofthestudyMakeiteasytounderstandwithoutreadingfirstIncludekeywordstocategorizeandfindinsearchesFollowstandardcapitalizationforyourfield(NOTALL)TitleTitle:thebrandofapaper;theabstractofanabstract1.generalfunctionsa.generalizingthetextb.attractingthereaderc.facilitatingtheretrieval(检索)2.linguisticfeaturesa.usingmorenouns,nounphrasesandgerundsb.usinganincompletesentence3.writingrequirementsa.bebriefandconcise(6-8words)b.bespecificc.avoidquestiontitlesd.beingunified3e.beingstandard4.标题的结构学术文章的标题主要有三种结构:名词性词组(包括动名词),介词词组,名词词组+介词词组。间或也用一个疑问句作标题(多用在人文社会科学领域),但一般不用陈述句或动词词组作标题。(1)名词性词组名词性词组由名词及其修饰语构成。名词的修饰语可以是形容词、介词短语,有时也可以是另一个名词。名词修饰名词时,往往可以缩短标题的长度。以下各标题分别由两个名词词组构成。例2a.SevereWeatherandtheAutomobile(名词词组)(名词词组)b.SoilBehaviorandCriticalSoilMechanics(名词词组)(名词词组)c.HighSpeedFlowSensorandFluidPowerSystemsModelling(名词词组)(名词词组)d.TraditionalVersusAdultStudiesStudents:theCollege(名词词组)(名词词组)Experience(2)介词词组介词词组由介词十名词或名词词组构成。如果整个标题就是一个介词词组的话,一般这个介词是“on”,意思是“对……的研究”。例3a.OntheDistributionofSoundinaCorridorb.OntheCrushingMechanismofThinWalledStructures(3)名词/名词词组+介词词组这是标题中用得最多的结构。例4a.FundamentalsofFlowMeasurement.(名词)(介词词组)b.ScatteredSoundandReverberationonGityStreetsandinTunnels(名词词组)(介词词组)c.DietarySupplementandBodyImageinFemaleCollegeStudents(名词词组)(名词词组)(介词词组)d.KnowledgeofCardiovascularDiseaseinUniversityStudents(名词)(介词词组)(介词词组)e.DiversityintheFutureWorkForce(名词)(介词词组)f.ProgressonFuelCellandItsMaterials(名词)(介词词组)g.DampingCapacityofShapeMemoryAlloy(名词词组)(介词词组)h.AcousticsofLongSpaces:TheoryandApplication(名词)(介词词组)(名词词组)4i.InvestigationofAirBagsDeploymentForces(名词)(介词词组)onOut-of-PositionOccupant(介词词组)j.ModelsofsustainingHumanandNaturalDevelopment(名词)(介词词组)inanUrbanEnvironment(介词词组)标题中的介词词组一般用来修饰名词或名词词组,从而限定某研究课题的范围。这种结构与中文的“的”字结构相似,区别是中文标题中修饰语在前,中心词在后。英文正好相反,名词在前,而作为修饰语的介词短语在后。例5a.ProgressonFuelCellandltsMaterials燃料电池及其材料进展b.ComputerSimulationandExperimentalStudyOnCo1dShutDuringMoldFilling铸件充型中冷隔过程计算机模拟及其实验研究c.OntheFatigueLifePredictionofSpotWeldedComponents点焊汽车构件疲劳寿命预测c.InvestigationofAirBagsDeploymentForcesonOut-Of-PositionOccupant安全气囊对离位乘员作用力的分析与研究(4)其他形式对于值得争议的问题,偶尔可用疑问句作为论文的标题,以点明整个论文讨论的焦点。例6a.DoElectromagneticFieldsAffecttheWayPlantsGrow?b.DoSpecificAmbientOdorsEnhanceShortTermMemoryFunction?c.130HeterotrophicProtozoaReleaseMajorQuantitiesOfDissolvedOrganicPhosphorousinLakeWater?有的标题由两部分组成,用冒号(:)隔开。一般来说,冒号前面一部分是研究的对象、内容或课题,比较笼统,冒号后面具体说明研究重点或研究方法。这种结构可再分为三种模式。模式1研究课题:具体内容例7a.MicroelectronicAssemblyandPackagingTechnology:BarriersandNeedsb.FireResistantSteelsforConstruction:Design,PropertiesandMicrochemistryc.AcousticsofLongSpacesTheoryandApplicationd.ImpactofCancer:CopingProcessandQualityofLife模式2研究课题:方法/性质例8a.SolidOxideFuelCell:ASurveyb.AbsorbableImplantsinFingerFractures.ABiomechanicalandComparativeStudyc.TheUseofTechnologyinHigherEducationPrograms:aNationalSurveyd.DevelopmentofNewPublicWaterSupplyWell-fieldsUsingElectromagnetic5Conductance:TwoCaseStudies模式3研究课题:问题焦点a.Aluminum:IsItHazardoustoYourHealth?b.Noise:Good?Bad?MaybeBoth?c.Manure:FriendorFoe?Exercises:Commenton/analyzethefollowingtitles,changethemifyouthinktheyareimproper.1.AuditoryPerspectivesofDifferentTypesofMusic2.ElectromagneticFieldsHaveHarmfulEffectsonHumans3.HowtoUseWaterResourcesforIrrigationinSemiaridLand4.WaterQualityCanBeProtectedThroughtheSuccessfulIntegrationofResearchandEducation5.TheSingleCommunityConcept:AModelforAdultEnvironmentalEducation6.PhysicsandArt:ConceptualLinkagesCanBeUncovered7.DiamondIsUsedforElectronicDevices8.YellowFever’sEffectonTransportationandCommerce9.TheNatureofStudentScienceProjectIsComparedwithEducationalGoalsforScience10.AQualitative/QuantitativeanalysisoftheAdministrativeManagementInstituteatComellUniversity11.OnLearningForeignLanguagesAndCulturalBackgroundTeaching12.IsLiteratureUselessInTOEFL?613.ABridgeBetweenTwoWorlds14.DevelopingComputerInternetandtheSpreadofCultureandInformationAnswers:1.AuditoryPerspectivesofDifferentTypesofMusic(Y)2.ElectromagneticFieldsHaveHarmfulEffectsonHumans(N)HarmfulEffectsofElectromagneticFieldsonHumans3.HowtoUseWaterResourcesforIrrigationinSemiaridLand(N)UsingWaterResourcesforIrrigationinSemiaridLand4.WaterQualityCanBeProtectedThroughtheSuccessfulIntegrationofResearchandEducation(N)ProtectingWaterQualityThroughtheSuccessfulIntegra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